أحمد بن زين الدين الأحسائي
Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Zayn al-Din al-Aḥsā'ī
upon whose foundational
writings the Shaykhī school of Shī`ī Islam
is based.
(d.1241/1826)
A Select, Annotated Listing
of Sources for the Study of the
Various Branches of the Shaykhi school of Shi`i Islam
IN
PROGRESS AND REVISION 2009-10
Last updated 30/08/09
Stephen N. Lambden (UC-Merced)
The alphabetically organized
(bio-) bibliographical notes below will attempt to list books and other writings
of importance for the study of al-Shaykhiyya (= Shaykhism), the name given to
the twelver Shī`ī movement originating with Shaykh Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī (d.1241/1826).
Neither the latter spiritual genius nor his Persian successor Sayyid Kāẓim Rashtī
(d.1259/1843) intended to form a new sect or faction but to set forth Shī`ī,
imamologically inspired insights into the significance of Islam in the
eschatologically charged early 19th century.
The
foundational writings of Shaykh Aḥmad (see the Fihrist of Kirmani, 220-288, listing 132 items; +
Momen trans.) and Sayyid Kāẓim (see Kirmani Fihrist, 288-359 listing nos.133-304 [= 171 items] + Lambden's trans. ) will not be listed here though studies of their thought,
writings, milieu and biographical details pertaining to them will. The writings of
post-Sayyid Kāẓim (1259/1843) claimants to Shaykhī leadership will be
detailed here -- though not the Bāb who early on also claimed to succeed Sayyid Kazim) -- as will lists of the writings and their followers, antagonists and biographers. A few URLs and JPEG pictures
(click on the thumbnail to increase size) will be included with these bibliographical notes pertaining to al-Shaykhiyya.
Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Zayn
al-Dīn al-Ahsāī (d. 1241/1826)
An
ongoing bibliography of the foundational writings of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
can be found on the Website at :
URLs- Printed and select primary mss.
materials :
Shaykh
Ahmad mss and published writings - alphabetical list.
The Writings of Shaykh Ahmad
in the Fihrist trans. Momen in BSBM1.
Sayyid Kāẓim ibn
Sayyid Qāsim al-Ḥusaynī al-Rashtī (d.1259/1843)
Another ongoing bibliography of
the foundational writings of his successor Sayyid Kazim al-Husayni al-Rashti
can be found on this Website at :
URLs- Printed and select primary mss.
materials :
The Kirmani
Shaykhi Leaders and their writings.
The Kirmani Shaykhi leaders
descended from Karim Khan Kirmani (d. 1871) will be listed below and
links to bibliographies of their writings provided. Likewise with
respect to important Shaykhis of Tabriz some of whom were members of the
Mamaqani ...
URL : The Kirmani Shaykhi leaders and
their writings
The Shaykhis of Tabriz
URL: The Mamaqani and other Shaykhis of Tabriz
The Baraghānī Family
URL : `The Baraghānī
Family and Fātima-Ṭāhira-Qurrat al-`Ayn (d.1852 CE)'.
-
`The
Twelver Shī`ī`-Shaykhī Baraghānī Family and
Fātima-Ṭāhira-Qurrat al-`Ayn (d.1852 CE)'
-
-
Mullā Muhammad Taqī [Baraghānī]
al-Qazvīnī (d.1263 / 1847 CE), al-Shahīd al-Thālīth (The Third Martyr),
anti-Shaykhi-Babi uncle of Fāṭima Baraghani, Ṭāhira.
-
-
Mullā Muhammad Ṣāliḥ Baraghānī
/ Qazvīnī (d.1271/1854) the father of Fāṭima Baraghānī, Ṭāhira.
-
-
Mullā Muhammad `Alī
Baraghānī / Qazvīnī (d. 1272/1854) an uncle of Fāṭima
Baraghānī Ṭāhira. He obtained an ijāza from Shaykh Aḥmad al-Ahsā'ī (d.1241/1826)
and subsequently
became an enthusiastic Shaykhi who seems to have sympathized
with the religion of the Bāb.
-
-
Fāṭima Baraghānī entitled Ṭāhira
(The Pure One), Qurrat al-`Ayn ("Solace of the Eyes") and Zarrin Taj
(Crown of Gold) the eldest daughter of Mullā Muhammad
Ṣāliḥ al-Baraghānī and Amina
(d. 1268/1851). She was a Shi`i, Shaykhi and
ultimately Bābī apologist and martyr (d. 1852 CE ).
-
-
Mulla Jawād
Viliyānī, Babi then anti-Babi cousin of Ṭāhira.
Persons will be
included below who have written about Shaykhism
in either European or Middle Eastern (e.g. Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Urdu) languages. As time
goes on many additions and corrections will be made and the format will be
changed to take account of the various branches or interrelated "schools" of Shaykhism. It
must, however, be borne in mind today, that many Shaykhis have never
differentiated themselves from mainstream (Twelver) Shī`ī Islam. In time
details surrounding western attempts
to study and understand the learned and fascinating Shī`ī phenomenon that is al-Shaykhiyya
will also be separately listed. At this stage I would be
especially grateful to receive
notice of suitable additions and / or notification of errors.
MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF
SHAYKHISM
`Abd-Allāh ibn
Ahmad al-Aḥsā'ī,
Shaykh.
-
Sharḥ-i ḥālāt-i Shaykh Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī.
Bombay 1309/1892-3. A very influential
short Persian treatise upon the life of Shaykh Aḥmad by one of his sons.
-
-
Risālah-i
Fārsīyah-i Sharḥ-i ḥālāt by ʻAbd Allāh Aḥsāʼī [Bombay :
s. n.], 1310/1892-3. In Series: (Princeton University Arabic collection
; cn. 9100441.08). A Persian translation from the Arabic by
Muḥammad Ṭāhir. 96 pp.
-
Sharḥ
aḥvāl-i Aḥmad ibn Zayn al-Dīn Aḥsāʼī keh Muḥammad Ṭāhir Khān...
by ʻAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Aḥsāʼī.
Kirman, Chāpkhāneh-yi Saʻādat
, 1387/ 1967. "Tadhkirat al-awliyāʼ dar ṣharḥ-i aḥvāl-i Muḥammad
Karīm Khān Kirmāni": p. 53-end.p. 53-end. + 7, 181 pp.
-
Shaykh`Alī Naqī ibn Shaykh Ahmad al-Aḥsā'ī
(d. 23 Dhu'l-Ḥijjah 1246/4th June 1831).
-
Minhāj
al-Sālikīn. 2nd ed. Kuwait : Jāmi` al-Imam al-Sādiq.
1419/1998 [Hajji Mirza `Abd
al-Rasūl al-Ḥā'iri al-Ihqāqī]. 514pp. [Index]. Has 5
sections with subsections and a conclusion. Part 1 is about al-`aql
(the intellect) and `uqalā ("intellectuals") as well as `ilm (knowledge) and the `ulamā'
(clerics, divines..)
This sizeable work of a son
of Shaykh Aḥmad was completed 27th Dhu`l-Hijja 1244 AH = 30th June 1829, a few years
before the passing of its author. For some further details see Ḥajji Mīrzā `Abd al-Rasūl
al-Ihqāqī, al-Taḥqīq fī madrasa al-awḥad,
p. 221ff. where a further 9-10 of his works are listed.
Amanat, Abbas,
-
Resurrection and
Renewal, The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran, 1844-1850. Ithaca and London:
Cornell Univ. Press, 1989.
Pt.1 Ch.2
pp. 48-69 is a section headed `The Shaykhi School'.
Amīr, ʻAbd al-Jalīl
Amīr أمير، عبد الجليل .
Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali
(in
collaboration with Sabine Schmidtke),
-
Twelver-Shî'ite Ressources in Europe. The Shî'ite Collection at the Oriental
Department of the University of Cologne,
the
Fonds Henry Corbin and the
Fonds Shaykhî at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris. With a
Catalogue of the Fonds Shaykhî », Journal asiatique 285, 1997,
pp. 73-122
Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad
Ali
-
`Une
absence remplie de présences. Herméneutiques de l'Occultation chez les
Shaykhiyya' (Aspects de l'imamologie duodécimaine VII) »,
Bulletin of the
School of Oriental and African Studies 64 (1), 2001, p. 1-18 (Eng. trans. in R.
Brunner et W. Ende [éd.], The Twelver Shia in Modern Times. Religious Culture
and Political History, Leiden, Brill, 2001) as `An Absence
filled with Presences: Shaykhiyya Hermeneutics of the Occultation (Aspects of
Twelver Shi`ite Imamology VII), pp. 38-57.
Anvari, Muhammad Javad.
-
`al-Aḥsā'ī, Shaykh Aḥmad
ibn Zayn al-Din ibn Ibrahim' in Dā'irat al-ma`ārif buzurg-i islāmī (`The
Great Islamic Encyclopedia', in Persian and Arabic editions), ed. Kāẓim Musavī
Bujnurdī, vol. 6, Tehran: Markiz Dā'irat al-ma`ārif buzurg-i
islāmī ... 1373/1995), pp. 662-668.
A substantial article in a major, ongoing Persian [+Arabic] encyclopedia.
URL:
Baraghani:
Bayat, Mangol,
Behmardi, Vahid (ed.)
Sayyid Kāzim b. Qāsim al-Ḥusaynī
al-Rashtī
-
Risālat as-Suluk fī'l-Ahlāq wa'l-A`māl.
von
as-Sayyid Kāzim b. Qāsim al-Ḥusaynī ar-Rashtī ( = Orient-Instirur der
DMG Beirut / Beiruter Texte und Studien 93) Ergon Verlag Würzburg in
Kommission, 1st printing 2004. PBk. 120pp. Ar.+ 7pp.Eng. ISBN
3-899813-340-4.
-
The first 30 or so pages
(pp.9-40) of this excellent new critical edition consist of a detailed
introduction by Behmardi to the aforementioned (loosely) `Treatise on
the Ethics and Good Deeds accompanying the [Spiritual] Path'. It is
based upon 3 mss., one in Behmardi's personal library and two in Princeton
Univ. Library (see pp. 36-40 and the clear reproductions of the 1st
and last pages between [unpaginated] pp. 41-49). The Behmardi edition is
printed from page 50-94 and is followed by detailed annotations (pp.
95-113) and a bibliography of sources cited and consulted
(pp.115-120). Behmardi does not give any details of the relationship of his
edition and the various other middle eastern printings of Sayyid Kāẓim
Rashtī's al-Suluk ila Allah - see further the abstract and
other details in the Sayyid Kazim bibliography of this Website. ADD
URL
An accomplished Arabist with
a doctorate from the Univ. of Cambridge (UK), Proff. Behmardi teaches at the
Lebanese American University Beirut and specializes in Abbasid Literature, Islamic Mysticism and
Intellectual developments in Iran during the Qajar period.
Brunner, Rainer and Werner Ende (eds.),
This magnificent
volume rich in contributions dealing with Shaykhism and other matters of
considerable interest, contains a Preface ix-xx
(Brunner and Ende); List of Contributors (pp. xxi-xxii) and Four Parts:
Part One `Theology and Learning` (pp. 3-93 = six papers); Part Two, `Internal
Debates and the Role of Dissidents' (pp.97-219 = seven papers); Part Three,
`Ideology and Politics in the Twentieth Century' (pp. 223-297= five
papers) and Part Four `The Case of the Islamic Republic of Iran' (pp. 301-364 =
three papers), Bibliography and Abbreviations (pp.365-382), and index (pp.383-395).
The papers dealing
with Shaykhism (al-Shaykhiyya) in this volume are:
Juan R.I. Cole.
Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad
Ali (cf. above),
-
`An
Absence filled with Presences: Shaykhiyya Hermeneutics of the Occultation
(Aspects of Twelver Shi`ite Imamology VII) (pp. 38-57. An English trans.
originally entitled, `Une
absence remplie de présences. Herméneutiques de l'Occultation chez les
Shaykhiyya' . Part
seven in a series of articles entitled, `Aspects de l'imamologie duodécimaine' (
= Aspects of
Twelver Shi`ite Imamology VII), pp. 38-57.
Naqvi, Syed Hussain Arif.
It is here stated that "Shaykhism is almost as old in the
[Indian] subcontinent as it is in Iraq and Iran" (p. 137). In this essay the
identity of the 9th of the Ḥurufat-i Ḥayy (abjad ḥayy = 18, `Letters of the
Living', the first 18 disciples of the Bāb) is given as Shaykh Sa`īd-i [Hindi
the Indian] al-Multānī (Naqvi, p. 137 citing Şābir Āfāqī, Nujūm-i ḥidāyat
(Karachi, BPT., 1987, p.95),
Also of central
interest for Shaykhī studies is the article by Guido Steinberg, `The Shi`ites in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
(al-Aḥsā), 1913-1953' in ibid. pp. 236-254.
al-Būshafīʻ al-Aḥsāʼī,
Aḥmad ʻAbd al-Wahhāb / أحمد
عبد الوهاب البوشفيع الأحسائي
(ed.)
Chahārdahī.
Murtazā Mudarrisī (ADD-ADD).
- Shaykh-i Aḥmad-i Aḥsā'ī.
Tehran: ʻAlī Akbar ʻIlmī, 1334 Sh. / 1955 CE., 53pp.
- Add
- Add
- Shaykhīgarī Bābīgarī. 2nd Ed. Tehran: ADD 1351/1972.
- Add
- Add
MacEoin refers to these two vols. as confused and unreliable.
Cole, Juan, R. I.,
- `Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i and the
Sources of religious authority' . Paper delivered at the centre for Iranian
Studies, Columbia University, October 1993. Now published in Linda S.
Walbridge ed. The Most Learned of the Shi`a, The Institution of the Marja`
Taqlid. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 82-93.
-
1994
"The World as Text: Cosmologies of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsā'ī", Studia
Islamica 80 (1994): 1-23. Available at:
http://www֊personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/ahsai2.htm.
- 1994 `The
world as Text: Cosmologies of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa`i', Studia Islamica
80 (1994),145-163. H-Bahai URL =
-
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/ahsai2.htm
-
1993
"Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsà'î on the Sources of Religious Authority",
paper delivered at the Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia
University, October 1993.
-
Available
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/ahsai1.htm
-
-
1997
"Individualism and the Spiritual Path in Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsā'ī"
H-Net (H-Baha'i),
Occasional, Papers in Shaykhi,
Babi and Baha'i Studies no. 4 (September, 1997). .
-
-
-
2001
"Casting Away the Self. The Mysticism of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i" in
Ral Brunner and Werner Ende, eds., The Twelver Shia in Modern Times
(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2001).
-
-
(ed.). `Shaykh
Ahmad al-Ahsā'ī Collected Works: al-֊A'mal al-Kamilah'.
-
At :
www.h-net.org/~bahai/areprint/ahsai/ahsai.htm.
-
H-Bahai website Note: "This paper is
forthcoming in print form in a book on Shi`ism edited by Lynda Clarke and
Mahmoud Ayyoub, and appears here in digital form [on the H-Bahai Website]
with their kind permission".
-
Sacred
Space and Holy War, The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam.
London/New York : I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. 2002. 250pp.+ index. ISBN
186064 736 7 (Pbk); 186064 761 8. A collection of
eleven papers containing 15 or more references relating to Shaykhi studies.
Corbin, Henry (d. 1978).
URL-
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NOTES AND URL
- En Islam iranien, Aspects
spirituels et philosophiques. Tome IV L'Ecole d'Ispahan, L-Ecole shaykhie Le
Douzieme Imam.
This 4th volume of Corbin's
ground-breaking En Islam Iranien (first published in 1972) after a consideration of the `School of Isfahan' deals in considerable detail
(pp. 205-300 ed. Gallimard, 1972) with `The Shaykhi school' and its leading
figures, followed by a section centering on the question of the messianic 12th Imam/ Qā'im.
-
L-École Shaykhie en
Théologie Shî`ite. Extrait de'l-Annuaire 1960-61 (Ecole
Practique des Hautes Etudes Section des Sciences Religieuses). Reproduction
Anastatique. Traduction Persane par Feredoun Bahmanyar. Pages 1-59 in
French with the title `L-École Shaykhie en Théologie Shî`ite' then
its Persian Translation by Dr. Feredoun Bahmanyar pp.1-105 to which there is
also a 3 page French Preface by Corbin dated Tehran December 1966/ Azar 1345.
The Persian front, cover page is entitled: Maktab Shaykhī āz ḥikmat-i
ilāhī shī `ī bi-qalam Henri Corbin .. with Persian trans. Dr. Feridoun
Bahmanyar. Tehran Chāp-Tābān, 1347/1967.
Add 1999/2000 (?) Persian trans. of
En
Islam Iranien...
- Terre celéste et corps de résurrection
de'l-Iran Mazdéen a 'l-Iran Shi`ite. Paris: XX., 1960. Eng. trans. Nancy Pearson =
- Spiritual Body and Celestial Earth, From Mazdean Iran to Shī`ite Iran.
3rd ed. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. 1990.
Ch. IX = `The Shaykhī School: Shaykh
Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī (d.1241/1826).
- 1. Physiology of the Resurrection Body
pp. 180-189. Extract translated from the Sharḥ al-Ziyāra (Lithograph, Tabriz,
1276/1859), 369-370.
- 2. On the Esoteric Meaning of the Tomb
pp.189-191. Extract from the Risālat al-qāṭifiyya in Jawāmi` al-kalim I/2 (3rd
Risāla), p.136.
- 3. The Heavens and Elements of
Hūrqalyā pp.191-197.Extracts from the reply to Mullā Muhammad Husayn
Anari Kirmani, in Jawāmi` al-kalim I/3 ( 9th Risāla), pp.153-4.
- 4. Alchemy and the Resurrection Body
pp.197-210. Translated from an Epistle for Fatḥ `Alī Shah Qajar (d. 1834) in
Jawāmi` al-kalim I/1 (5th Risāla), pp.122-4.
- 5. The Active Imagination and the
Resurrection Body pp. 210-221 = Extracts translated from Kitab Sharh ḥikmat
al-`arshiyya, (Lithograph Tabriz, 1278/1861) pp.175-6, 179-80, 186-7.
Ch. X = Shaykhī Hajji Muhammad Karim
Khan Kirmani...
- 1. In what sense is the
Body of the Faithful Believer is the Earth of His Paradise.
pp.222-236 = Extract from the Persian Irshād al-`awāmm. .. Kirman
1354/1935 vol.1 Pt. ii pp. 48-9, 66-68,271,277,282-6.
- 2. A World in Ascent, Not in
Evolution. pp.236-239 = Extract trans from Irshād al-`awāmm. .. Kirman 1354/1935
vol.2 Pt. 3 pp.274-5.
Ch. XI = Shaykhī Abu'l-Qasim Khan
Ibrahimi (Sarkar Agha). Fifth successor to Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
(b.1314/1896).
The Celestial Earth of Hurqalya and the Shiite Faith, pp.240-268.
Extract translated from the Persian
Tanzīh al-awliyā. Kirman 1367/1947, 5th Question, pp. 702-726.
____________________________
- Creative
Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn `Arabi, trans. Ralph Manheim, Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1969
-
Realisme et Symbolisme des Couleurs
en Cosmologie Shi`ite'. Paper delivered at the annual Eranos Conference (at
Ascona Ticino, Switzerland) in 1972, which
had the theme `Le Monde des Couleurs' The proceedings were first published in Eranos-Jahrbuch
XLI (1972), (Leiden: E.J.Brill, 1974) with the lengthy Corbin paper being on
pp.109-175(6). This paper also appears in the 1980 French volume of
collected papers of Henri Corbin entitled Tempel et
Contemplation (Paris: Flammarion et Cie) which was translated into
English by Philip Sherrard in the
(Isma'ili) series `Islamic Texts and Contexts' as Temple and Contemplation (London, Boston,
Henley: KPI. 1986 ). In this English volume the Corbin paper is entitled,
`The Realism and Symbolism of Colours in Shi`ite Cosmology' , According the
"Book of the Red Hyacinth" by Shaykh Muḥammad Karīm Khān Kirmānī
(d. 1870).
As indicated this paper, put out in translation by the Institute of Isma'ili
Studies (London) is 54 pp long in the English translation of a work of the
3rd Kirmānī Shaykhī leader. The original Arabic [+Persian] treatise of Karīm Khān Kirmānī
was entitled [Kitāb] Yāqūtih aḥmar (lit. "The [Book of] the
Red Ruby"). It deals with the phenomenon of colour in general which also pertains in
subtle ways in suprasensible, spiritual worlds (Pt.I) then with the
colour red (aḥmar) in particular (Pt. II) The 1060 verse
Arabic original has once been published in the series Majmu`a
al-rasā'il vol. 71 (Kirmānī, Fihrist, no. 484,
p. 421)
ADD SCAN...
It might also be noted
here that the volume, `Color Symbolism, Six Excerpts from the Eranos Yearbook
1972' (Dallas, Texas: Spring Publications Inc. 1974+1977) does not contain the
Corbin paper.
Dehkhodā, Alī Akbar Qazvīnī,
(1879-1956)
Born. Tehran c. 1297/1879 d.
Tehran 7th Esfand 1334 Sh. / 26th February 1956.
His Persian [Shī`ī] Encyclopedic
Dictionary, the Lughat-Nāmih contains some useful entries covering
Shaykhī subjects, including;
ADD
Ḥasan Fuyūḍāt, ،حسن.فيوضات
Madkhal ilá falsafat al-Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Zayn al-Dīn
al-Aḥsāʼī. Beirut : Lajnat Iḥyāʼ Turāth Madrasat al-Shaykh al-Awḥas
al-Aḥsāʼi : tawzīʻ Dār al-Maḥajjah al-Bayḍāʼ, 1424 / 2003 or 4.
118pp.
Ḥasan, Shaykh Muhammad.
Gawhar al-Shahīr, Shaykh / Mīrzā Ḥasan ibn `Alī ..
al-Dāghī al-Tabrīzī (d. 1266/ 1849).
3rd edition (printing) Dawlat al-Kuwait : (`Abd al-Rasūl
al-Iḥqāqī) Jāmi` al-Imam al-Muhammadādiq, 1423/2002. 881pp. + Index pp. 883-4. Hbk.
Beautifully printed in Kuwait. this volume by the Adhirbayjani born
anti-Babi Shaykhi with the laqab Jawhar or Gawhar deals with the centrally
important Shi`i doctrines : Sect. 1 On Tawḥīd (the Divine Unity)
pp.27-112 in 5 sub-sections; Sect.2 on `Adl (the Divine Justice) pp.115
-208 in 24 subsections; Sect. 3 on Nubuwwa (Prophethood ) pp.
213-302 in 5 (+1) subsections; Sect. 4 on the Imāma (the Imamate),
pp.351-678 with 5 sub-sections; Sect. 5 On al-Ma`ad al-jismānī (On
the [Eschatological] Bodily Return pp. 679-880 in 5 subsections.
This very bulky volume... ADD details....
For biographical notes in Taliqani, al-Shaykhiyya, pp.183-6.
ADD..
Hamid, Idris Samawi,
- The Metaphysics and
Cosmology of Process According to Shaykh Aḥmad al-Ahsā'ī, Critical Edition,
Translation and Analysis of Observations in Wisdom. A Dissertation submitted to
the Dept. of Philosophy of State University of New York at Buffalo in partial
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Copyright UMI 1998.
UMI Number 9833596 pp.xviii + Critical edition pp. 419-520 + Appendix, A-
The Autograph Manuscript of the al-Fawā'id al-Ḥikmiyya ("Observations in
Wisdom"), pp. 506-536; Appendix B Glossary [of technical terms] 537-563+
Bibliography, 564-71.
The Abstract of this
thesis reads as follows: ADD
--------------
Isbir. Muhammad Alī,
- العلامة الجليل أحمد بن زين
الدين الاحسائ في دائرة الضوء =
al-`Allāma
al-jalīl Aḥmad ibn Zayn al-Dīn al-Aḥsā'ī
fī Dairat al-Daw. 2 vols. in 1 Beirut: Dar al-Aṣāla, 1993.
___________________
حسن
,حائري الاحقاقي
Āyāt-Allāh, al-Shaykh
al-Mīrzā Ḥasan al-Ḥāʼirī al-Iḥqāqī
(b. Karbala 1896 d. Add 2000)
(b. Karbala [Iraq] 2nd Muḥarram 1314 / 13th June 1896-- d. 14th
Ramadan 1421, 11th December 2000).
al-Iḥqāqī, [al-Uskū'ī], Āyāt-Allāh, al-Shaykh
al-Mīrzā Ḥasan ibn al-Shaykh al-Mīrzā Mūsā ibn al-Shaykh al-Mīrzā Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Salīm al-Uskū'ī al-Ḥā`iri
[
al-Iḥqāqī, al-Uskū'ī].
A prodigiously clever child Mīrzā Ḥasan
al-Ihqāqī, al-Uskū'ī was studying the Qur'an and Arabic grammar aged
six and reading the
Persian Gulistan of Sa`di and more besides, at age seven. He early visited al-Aḥsā
(in Eastern Saudi `Arabia) with his brother Mīrzā Ḥasan `Alī
who also took him (when aged 16) to Najaf (Iraq) where they both
resided. At the age of thirty Shaykh Mīrzā Ḥasan
al-Iḥqāqī
obtained ijtihād, he became a twelver Shi`i mujtahid like his father,
grandfather and brother. In 1348/1930 he traveled to Uskū (S. of Tabriz, in Persian Adhirbayjān, NW Persia) where his grandfather had
resided and where he lived for roughly six years. Around the time of WWII he lived for
five years in Mashad (Iran) after which he returned to Tabriz where he taught and,
among other things, renovated the Mosque of his grandfather Hujjat al-Islam
Mamaqani (=? Mīrzā Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Salim al-Uskū'ī al-Ḥā`iri,
Tabrizi ? d. 1303/1885?).
It was on his brother Mīrzā Ḥasan `Alī 's death
in Kuwait in Ramadan 1384 / January 1965 that Mīrzā Ḥasan al-Iḥqāqī
was begged to remain in this country by devoted Shi`i followers. This he did in
the light of the internationalism of this country and from there he guided a
vast number of Shi`i Muslims (in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi `Arabia [al-Ahsa,
etc] India, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Turkey as well as parts of Africa,
America and Australia, etc) and engaged in various educational and charitable
activities. ADD (see al-Taliqani, al-Shaykhiyya, 20002;
Letter from the Shi`ites, 7ff ADD).
Shaykh al-Mīrzā Ḥasan Iḥqāqī
authored many books in Arabic and Persian one of which has been translated into English, his Persian
Nāmih-Shi`ayan which was compiled in Mashad in 1363/1942 and
first published there in 1366/1945 (2nd printing in 1369/1948 and 3rd in
1397/1976). The English translation was entitled `Letter From the Shi`ites' San
Rafael (California, USA): The Islamic Foundation, 1983. ISBN 0-9610614-0-5. Hbk.
221pp. This work contains a few biographical notices. ADD.......
For some further details see Ḥajji Mīrzā `Abd al-Rasūl
al-Ihqāqī, al-Taḥqīq fī madrasa al-awḥad,
pp. 33-40 where a 13 of his works are listed.
His works include:
،
حسن
,حائري الاحقاقي =
Ḥasan Ḥāʼirī al-Iḥqāqī +
Rāḍī Nāṣir Salmān
al-Ḥajji Mīrzā Mūsā
al-Iḥqāqī al-Ḥā`irī
al-Uskū'ī,
(b. Karbala 25th Shawwal 1279/ 15th April, 1863 - d. ADD 5th Ramadan 1364/
14th August 1945)
    
-
Ihqāq al-ḥaqq
("The Verification of the Real Truth") Ed./ Pub. Āyāt-Allāh al-Ḥajji
Mīrzā `Abd al-Rasūl al-Ihqāqī 4th ed [printing], Kuwait: Jāmi`
al-Imam al-Sādiq, 1421/2000. HBk. pp.643+ (index) pp.645-661. (1st
printed in Najaf in 1343/1924-5).
A massive Arabic defense and
exposition of early Shaykhī doctrinal and theological perspectives, including
al-Ma`ād (Eschatology) and the nature of the Mi`rāj of the prophet Muhammad...
General Index pp.1-14, prolegomenon to the 2nd ed. with an Arabic account of the
life of the author by his son Āyāt-Allāh al-Ḥajji Mīrzā `Ali
b. Mūsā al-Ḥā`irī with a list of 16 his mostly Arabic (and Persian)
writings, pp. 15-28 (+ picture, p.17 see above) which include a translation from
into Arabic of Sayyid Kāẓim Rashti's Persian Uṣūl al-aqā'id ("Doctrinal
Fundamentals", see p.22). This writer was the son of Āyāt-Allāh al-Ḥajji Mīrzā
Mūsā Khallaf Āyāt-Allāh Ākhund Mīrzā Bāqir
al-Uskū'ī (d. 1301/1883-4...)... ADD and check details...
See further al-Ḥajji Mīrzā `Abd al-Rasūl
al-Ihqāqī, al-Taḥqīq fī madrasa, pp. 76
(see above =photo) - 83. On page 78 of this latter Arabic work fifteen of his
works are listed.
عبد الرسول الاحقاقي الحائري
Āyāt-Allāh al-Ḥajji Mīrzā `Abd al-Rasūl al-Ḥā`irī, al-Ihqāqī,
(b. Kuwait 1348/1927[8] - d. ADD 1424/2003)
 
al-Ihqāqī, Āyāt-Allāh al-Ḥajji Mīrzā `Abd al-Rasūl al-Ḥā`iri
(b. Kuwait 1927 d. 2 Shawwal 1424/ 26 November 2003), son of Āyāt-Allāh, al-Shaykh
al-Mīrzā Ḥasan
al-Ihqāqī, [al-Uskū'ī] (see above).
This learned Shi`i-Shaykhī lived in Ādhirbayjān for many years before
he, along with his father and uncle, became a leading figure in the Kuwaiti centered
branch of Shi`i / Shaykhis. He became an expert Arabic writer, editor (and publisher) of several
Shaykhi books including new editions of Arabic works of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
and Sayyid Kazim Rashti. In a few publications his photograph appears
alongside these two foundational figures (see above). For
notice and some details of these publications of writings of the first two
founders of Shaykhism see the bibliographical URLs to on this site ................
A short Arabic (10 or so page)
life of `Abd al-Rasūl
al-Ihqāqī by Tawfiq Nāṣir al- ADD-Albu `Ali (?), can be found at the
Kuwaiti Shaykhī URL (zip downloadable) :
http://www.alahsai.net/lib/ (4th item listed).
`Abd al-Rasūl al-Ḥā`irī
al-Ihqāqī
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
al-Taḥqīq fī madrasa al-awḥad
(Pt. 1) ("The Verified realization of the most singular
[Shaykhī] Madrasa [School]") Dawlat al-Kuwait: Jāmi` al-Imam al-Muhammadādiq,
2nd ed. Pbk. 1424/2003. 284pp.+285-293 (= sources and index). A very
useful (and b&w picture-rich) synopsis of many of the key Shi`i-Shaykhī
individuals prominent in Adhirbayjan, NW Iran and of Tabrizi
roots.
- Tawḍīḥ al-wāḍiḥāt
: rudūd ʻalá iʻtirāḍāt al-Sayyid Burqaʻī ḥawla fikr al-Shaykh
al-Aḥsāʼī ed. ʻAbd
al-Rasūl Ḥāʼirī; Rāḍī Nāṣir Salmān : Beirut : Muʼassasat
Fikr al-Awḥad, 2003. 223pp.
____________________________________
Jalali, Aflaton.
- The Shaykhīya of Ḥājjī Muhammad
Karīm Khān Kirmānī.
`A thesis submitted to the Victoria
University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty
of Arts, Dept. of Near Eastern Studies, 1982. vi pp.+260 pp+ pp. 261-75 [list of
sources]. A thesis In seven chapters.
The granting of this doctorate
was rescinded after complaints of plagiarism from the thesis of Denis MacEoin.
إسماعيل بن أسد الله. كاظمي
Kāẓimi, Ismāʻīl ibn Asad
Allāh + Rāḍī Nāṣir Salmān
- دفاع عن الشيخ الأوحد
الأحسائي : حول المعاد، المعراج، العلة الفاعلية =
Difāʻ ʻan al-Shaykh al-Awḥad
al-Aḥsāʼī : ḥawla al-maʻād, al-Miʻrāj, al-ʻillah al-fāʻiliyya.
Ismāʻīl ibn Asad Allāh Kāẓimī; Rāḍī Nāṣir Salmān. Damascus :
Muʼassasat Fikr al-Awḥad, 2004. 136pp.
Khalafī,
ʻAbd al-ʻAẓīm ibn Badawī Khalafi -
خلفي، عبد العظيم
بن بدوي
- الأربعون المنبرية : شرح أربعين حديثا من جوامع
الكلم =
al-Arbaʻūn al-manbariȳya :
sharḥ Arbaʻūn ḥadīthan min Jawāmiʻ al-kalim. Dimyāṭ : Dār Ibn
Rajab, 1996. 381pp. Apparently a commentary on 40 Hadith from the
Jawāmiʻ al-kalim compilation of Shaykh Ahmad's writings.
The Kirmani Shaykhī leaders and their writings
[III]
Ḥajji Mirza Muhammad Karīm Khān Kirmānī (1225-1288 /1810- 1871)
The (3rd) Kirmānī
Shaykhī leader.
For details of publications
URL :
:
http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/SHAYKHISM/KKK-Bibliography.htm
Karīm Khān Kirmānī was the son of Ibrāhīm Khān Ẓahīr al-Dawla (d. 1240/1824-5), a
cousin and son-in-law of Fatḥ `Ali Shāh (1771-1834), the second Qajar Shah who
ruled from 1797 until 1834. Kirmani's father was at one time the governor of
Khurasan and later, for the last 21 years of his life, was governor of Kirmān
and Baluchistan (Raḍawī, Tadhkirat al-awlīyā, 56 ref. MacEoin,
1982). He apparently had forty wives and something like 20 sons and 21
daughters. The mother of Kirmani, who gave birth to him on 18 Muḥarram 1225/ 23rd
February 1810 was the daughter of Mīrzā Raḥīm the mustawfi of Tiflis
(ibid, 8+refs.).... ADD
Karīm Khān Kirmānī
clalmed leadership of the Shaykhī school after the passing of Sayyid Kazim
Rashti (d.1259[60]/ 1843[4]) its second leader. He very early on rejected the
messianic and related claims of the Sayyid `Ali Muhammad (1819-1850) the Bāb
in his
رساله ازهاق الباطل فى رد
البابيه
Risāla izhāq al-bāṭil fī
radd al-bābiyya ("The
Crushing of Falsehood in Refutation of Bābism") and produced a dozen
or more anti-Babi-Baha'i tracts and works, for some details see URL ADD
His Kirmani based descendants
and successors headed the Persian Kirmani Shaykhi branch (see URL above).
IV . Āqā Ḥajjī Muhammad Khan Kirmānī (1263-1324 = 1846-1906),
The (4th) Kirmānī
Shaykhī leader.
For details of publications see URL:
V. Āqā Ḥajjī Zayn al-`Ābidīn
Khān Kirmānī (1276-1360/1859-1942),
(d. 1360/1942)
The (5th) Kirmānī Shaykhī leader.
For details of publications
see URL:
VI. Āqā Ḥajjī `Abu'l-Qāsim
ibn Zayn al-`Ābidīn Khān
(1314-1389/1896-1969)
(d.1389/1969)
6th Kirmani Shaykhi leader.
For details of publications see
URL:
The Fihrist
(Index)
Partisl
Translations
- Moojan Momen trans. in BSBM1 = Pt. 1
Shaykh Aḥmad, Fihrist, pp. 220-288, listing 132 items;
- Stephen Lambden trans. Pt. II Sayyid Kāẓim,
Fihrist, pp. 288-359 listing nos.133-304 (= 171 items) (forthcoming)
(VII)
Ḥajjī `Abd al-Riḍā' Khān al-Ibrahīmī (d. ADD )
For details of publications see
URL:
-
VII :
Ḥajjī `Abd al-Riḍā' Khān al-Ibrahīmī (d. ADD ).
_______________________________________________________
Kashmīrī, Mullā Muhammad `Alī.
- Nujūm al-samā'. Lucknow: ADD, 1303/1885-6. pp. 367-74
on Shaykh Ahmad.
al-Khwānsārī, Mīrzā Muhammad Bāqir
al-Mūsawī (1811-1895).
Born Khwānsār, 27 Safar
1226/ 23rd March 1811. Died 8th Jamadī I 1313 / 27
October 1895.
al-Khwānsārī moved in
late 1253/ 1838 to Najaf. He wrote around 20 (largely Arabic and a
few Persian) works mostly relating to Shī`ī doctrine, ethics and legalism
( aqā'id, adab, fiqh uṣūl al-fiqh...). His frequently printed 8 volume
rijāl
work contains an important section
on Shaykh Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī. Only a few editions can be
mentioned here:
- Rawḍāt al-jannat fī aḥwāl al-`ulamā' wa'l-sādāt. Tehran: xxx. 1304/1887.
- Rawḍāt al-jannat fī aḥwāl al-`ulamā' wa'l-sādāt.
8 vols. Tehran: xxx. 1390-2/1970-2.
- Rawḍāt al-jannat fī aḥwāl al-`ulamā' wa'l-sādāt.
8 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Islamiyya. 1411/1991. In this recent Beirut edition the
section on `...Shaykh Aḥmad ibn Shaykh Zayn al-Dīn ibn Shaykh
Ibrāhīm al-Aḥsā'ī' is in vol.1 section 22, spanning pp.
97-103.
Khurāsānī,
Maḥmūd "Shahābī"
- النظرة الدقيقة في قاعدة بسيط
الحقيقة =
al-Naẓrah al-daqīqah fī
qāʻidat basīṭ al-ḥaqīqa. Tehran: Anjuman-i Shāhanshāhī-i
Falsafahʼi Irān, 1396/1976. Refers to the view of Shaykh Ahmad. In
Persian. xx+192pp.
Lambden, Stephen N.,
Within various chapters of his
unpublished doctoral thesis
http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/abstracts/PHD-ABST.HTM
Shaykhi materials are discussed and registered.
Chapter 6 is entitled `The Bible and Isrā'īliyyāt in Early Shaykhism'... See also
the translations on this Website and the
1991 unpublished paper,
- `A
Note on the background and Bābī-Bahā'ī exegesis of the Name (Ar.) Mūsā (=
Moses) with reference to the Sharḥ al-qaṣīda
al-lāmiyya of Sayyid Kāzim Rashtī (d. 1260/1844)'. Bi-Annual Bahā'ī-Religious
Studies Seminar [Newcastle upon Tyne] 1990.
Also on this website are ongoing
translation from the works of Shaykh Ahmad and Sayyid Kazim ... ADD
Lawson, B. Todd.
-
"Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in Twelver Shi'ism: Ahmad al-Ahsa'l
Fayd Kashani (the
Risalat al-'Ilmiyya),"
in
Religion and Society in Qajar Iran
ed,
Robert Gleave, London &
New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005, pp. 127-54.
- `Ahmad al-Ahsa'i on Fayḍ
Kashani (the Risalat `Ilmiyya)' Ch.7 (pp. 137-154) in Robert
Gleave ed. Religion and Society in Qajar Iran, 2005.
MacEoin, Denis, M.
- From Shaykhism to Babism: A Study in Charismatic Renewal in Shí'i
Islam. Ph.D. Thesis Cambridge, 1979. (Unpublished), pp.vii+230+bib. pp.
230-240.
A doctoral thesis submitted by MacEoin (Faculty of Oriental
Studies King's College, University of Cambridge), in July 1979. This thesis
contains (after the Preface, Acknowledgements, List of Abbreviations and
Introduction) six chapters:
(1) The Religious Background, 6-49 (2) Shaykh Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī,
50-94 (3) Sayyid Kāẓim Rashtī, 96-124 (4) From Shaykhism to Babism, 126-155
(5) Some Aspects of Early Babi Doctrine, 156-183 and (6)The Babi Da`wa
among the Shaykhis and the Break with Shaykhism, 185-229.
-
"Early Shaykhí Reactions to the Báb and His Claims," in Moojan
Momen (ed.), Studies in Bábí and Bahá'í History, (Los Angeles: Kalimat
Press, 1982) volume 1 pp. 1-47.
-
`Shaykhism' in L.P. Elwell-Sutton (ed), A Bibliographical
Guide to Iran. Brighton & Totowa, 1983, pp. ADD
-
-
"Changes in Charismatic Authority in Qajar Shi
ism", in l\. Bosworth and C. Hillenbrand (edd.), Qajar Iran:
Political, Social and Cultural Change, Edinburgh, EUP, 1983, pp.
148-76.
`Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in Nineteenth-Century Shi`ism: The
Cases of Shaykhism and Babism' in JAOS 110/ No.2 April-June, 1990, pp. 323-329.
The synoptic heading preceding the article reads as follows:
`Discussions of orthodoxy and heterodoxy presuppose a
dichotomy of major proportions. In reality, things are never so simple:
relations between opposing viewpoints are characterized by dynamism rather than
static confrontation. In a sense, heterodox movements may often be no more than
extreme expressions of orthodox values.
In the case of Islam, the most extreme expression of an
"orthodox" verses "heterodox" antagonism is provided by the emergence of
Baha'ism as a distinct religion from an originally orthodox Shi`i matrix. An
examination of the antecedents of Baha'ism in the nineteenth century --
Shaykhism and Bābism-- shows the way in which heterodoxy was, in a sense, a
development of orthodox belief, rather then an aberration.' (p.323).
-
`Changes in charasmatic Authority in Qajar Shi`ism' in Qajar
Iran: Political, Social and Cultural Change, 1800-1925. Ed. E. Bosworth
and C. Hillenbrand (Edinburgh: ADD, 1983), pp.148-176.
-
'Hierarchy, Authority and
Eschatology in Early Babi Thought', in P. Smith (ed.), In Iran, Los
Angeles, Kalimat Press, 1986, pp. 95-155.
-
The Sources for Early Babi
Doctrine and History. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992.
-
Ritual in Babism and Baha'ism,
Pembroke Papers, Pembroke College, Cambridge) published I. B. Tauris,
London, 1994.
-
"The Trial of the Bāb: Shi'ite
orthodoxy confronts its mirror image", in Carole Hillenbrand (ed.)
Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth 2 The Sultan'» Turret
(Brill, 2000), pp. 272-317.
-
-
"The Babi Concept of Holy War",
Religion, 12 (1982): 93-129.
-
"Some Baha'i and Shaykhi
Interpretations of 'The mystery of reversal' ", Baha'i Studies
Bulletin 1:1 (1982), pp. 11-23.
-
"From Babism to Baha'ism: problems
of militancy, quietism and conflation in the construction of a
religion", Religion 13 (1983): 219-255.
-
-
The Messiah of Shiraz, Studies in Early and
Middle Babism. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2009. Essentisl for the study
of Shaykhism and Babism this weighty tome includes most of MacEoin's
writings relating to Shaykhism including his 1979 Ph.D thesis with
some updating and most of his EI2 and EIr. articles.
MacEoin: Shaykhi and related
articles in EI2 & EIr.
- 'al-Aḥsā'ī, Shaykh Aḥmad b. Zayn al-Dīn'. in Enc. Iranica vol. 1
: 674-679.
- `Balasari' Enc. Iranica vol. 3 pp. 583-585.
- Cosmology vii - In Shaykhism', Enc. Iranica
Vol. 6 : 326-328.
- 'Rashtī, Sayyid Kāẓim ' EI2 vol. VIII (Leiden: Brill, 1995)
pp. 450-451.
- 'Shaykhiyya' EI2 vol. IX (Leiden: Brill, 1997) pp. 403-405.
- Baraghānī, Molla Mohammad Taqī' EI2 vol.
III (Leiden: Brill, 1995), 740.
-
"The Fate of Mullā 'Alî Bastāmī",
Baha'i Studies Bulletin, 2:1 (1983), 77.
-
"The Identity of the Bāb's "Lawh-i
hurufat'", Baha'i Studies Bulletin, 2:1 (1983), 78-79.
-
"Aspects of Militancy and Quietism
in Shi'i Islam", British Society for Middle East Studies Bulletin,
11:1 (1984), 18-27.
-
"Nineteenth-Century Babi
Talismans", Studia Iranica 14:1 (1985), 77-98.
-
"Divisions and Authority Claims in
the Babi Community, 1850-1866", Studia Iranica, 18 (1989): 93-129.
-
"Shaikh Ahmad ibn Zayn al-Din
Ahsā'ī", EIr X ADD.
-
"Bāb, Sayyed 'Alî Mohammad Shīrāzī",
EIr X ADD..
-
"Babism: і The Bābī Movement', EIr
X ADD..
-
"Babism: ii Bābī Executions and
Uprisings', EIr X ADD..
-
"Azali Babism", EIr X ADD..
-
"Bayan", EIr X ADD..
-
"Baha'i and Bābī Schisms', EIr X
ADD..
-
"Bālāsarī", EIr X ADD..
-
"Shaykhi Cosmology", EIr X ADD..
-
"Shaykhism", EI2 X: ADD., 1996,
Leiden, Hrill, pp. 403-5.
-
"Kurrat al-'Ayn" (with L. P.
Elwell Sutton), EI2 X: ADD..
-
"Abd al-Kczā Khan Ebrāhmii", EIr X
ADD..
-
"Abū'l-Qāsem Khān Ebrāhīmī', EIr X
ADD..
-
"Mollā 'All Bestāmī", EIr X
ADD..
-
"Bāb" (general term), EIr X ADD..
.
-
"Badf Calendar", EIr X ADD..
-
"Mollā Mohammad 'Alî Qoddus
Bārforūshī", EIr X ADD..
-
"Mollā Mohammad Hosayn Boshru'i".
EIr X ADD..
-
"Mollā Mohammad Taqi
Baraghānī", EIr X ADD..
-
"Mazhar", EI2 X: ADD..
-
"Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsā'ī", in J.R.
Hinnells (ed.) Who's Who of Religions, Mac- Millan, London, 1991.
-
"Ali Muhammad Shirazi the Bāb', in
J.R. Hinnells (ed.) Who's Who of Religions, MacMillan, London, 1991.
. "Qurrat al-'Ayn", in J.R. Hinnells (ed.) Who's Who of Religions,
MacMillan, London, 1991.
-
"Şubh-i Azal", in J.R. Hinnells
(ed.) Who's Who of Religions, MacMillan, London, 1991.
-
"Muhammad Husayn Bushrū'ī", in EI2
X: ADD..
-
"Muhammad 'Alī Bārfurūshī", in EI2
X: ADD..
-
"Muhammad 'Ali Zanjānī", in EI2 X:
ADD..
-
"Nuktat al-kaf", in EI2 X: ADD..
-
"Sābikūn", in EI2 X: ADD..
-
"Qurrat al-'Ayn", in The
Encyclopaedia of Censorship (2001).
-
"Babis", in Jack Goldstone (ed.),
The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions, Washington D.C., 1998.
-
"Questions of Sayyid
Muhammad Shīrāzī, Uncle of the Bāb."Translations of Shaykhi, Babi
and Baha'i Texts vol. 1, no. 2 (June, 1997). Available online at:
www.h-net .org/~bahai/trans/iqanques.htm.
-
"The Persian Bayan of Sayyid 'Alî
Muhammad Shīrāzī, the Bāb." [A partial transla tion.] Translations
of Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Texts vol. 1, no. 4 (July, 1997).
Available online at:
-
www.h-net.org/~bahai/trans/bayan/bayan.htm.
-
Maḥūẓ. Ḥusayn `Alī (ed.)
1376/1957 Hadirat al-shaykh Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī.
Baghdad: Maṭba'at al-ma'ārif.
(pp.24).
Copy in Univ. Toronto
- call number = BP80 A4677 M3.
This Arabic work consists of 2 short autobiographical pieces by Shaykh Aḥmad
himself. They can also be found printed in the Kirmani,
Fihrist.
The Shaykhis of Tabrīz.
See URL :
See Mirza Hasan Gawhar... Māmaqānī,
Shaykh Muhammad [Ḥujjat al-Islam]
ibn Ḥusayn ibn Zayn al-Ābidīn ibn
`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm al-Māmaqānī (d.1269/1852)
Māmaqānī , Mīrzā Muhammad
Ḥusayn [Ḥujjat al-Islam], (d. 1303/1885).
Shaykh Muhammad Taqī, Ḥujjat
al-Islam Māmaqānī
(b. Tabriz 1248/1832 -- d. ADD 11th Ramadan 1312/ 8th March 1895),
Pages scanned from `Abd al-Rasūl
al-Ihqāqī, al-Taḥqīq fī madrasa.. (Pt.1) 60-61
Māmaqānī, Shaykh Ismā'īl Muhammad
[Ḥujjat
al-Islam], (d.1317/1899)
Māmaqānī, Mīrzā Abu'l-Qāsim [Ḥujjat al-Islam] Māmaqānī
(d.1362/1943)
_______________________________
Mu`īn, Muhammad.
- "Havaqalya"
in Majallih-i Dānishkada-i Adabiyyāt. vol. 1/3 (1333 Sh./ 1954). pp.78-105.
Momen, Moojan, (Independent scholar,
momen@northill.demon.co.uk )
Momen includes a brief account of the Shaykhī school in
his
An Introduction to Shí'í Islam, (Oxford: George Ronald, 1985)
pp. 225-31.
-
A Bibliography of Shaykh Aḥmad Aḥsā'ī
based upon the Fihrist-i kutub-i mashāyik-i `izām. (3rd ed. Kirman:
Chapkhanih Sa`adat, [1977]) of `Abu'l-Qāsim b. Zayn al-`Ābidīn Khān
al-Kirmānī. Bahā'ī Studies Bulletin Monograph No.1 (1st published, Hurqalya
Publications: Newcastle upon Tyne,1983) xxx pp. ADD. An on-line
slightly updated version will appear on this website by 2010.
-
-
`Usuali, Akhabri, Shaykhi, Babi: The
Tribulations of a Qazvin Family' in `The Journal for the Society for Iranian
Studies', Iranian Studies vol. 36/3 (Sept. 2003) 317-337.
An examination of the checkered religious stance of the
Baraghani family of Qazvīn from which the Shaykhi then Bābī
scholar, writer and poetess Ṭāhirih, Qurrat al-`Ayn (d. 1852) emerged.
Naqvi, Syed Hussain Arif.
-
`The Controversy about the Shaikhiyya Tendency among Shia `ulamā'
in Pakistan' pp. 135-149 in Brunner & Ende, The Twelver Shia -- see below.
-
Also of central interest is the article by Guido Steinberg `The Shi`ites in
the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (al-Aḥsā), 1913-1953' in ibid. pp. 236-254.
-
Louise,
Alphonse, Daniel (A. L. M.) Nicholas
(b. Rasht [Persia] 1864- d. Paris 1937)
The son of Louis Jean Baptiste Nicholas (1814-1875) of the French
consular service.
http://library.bahai.org/sc/nic2.html
Perhaps the earliest western bibliographical listing of Sayyid Kāẓim's Arabic
and Persian writings was that of the French scholar of Babism and Shaykhism,
A. L. M. Nicholas (d.1937) in vol.2 of his also quite rare 4 volume Essai
sur le Shaykhism... Nicolas
evidently utilized
the
Fīhrist-i
Sayyid
(see above) for his
list of the works of
Shaykh Aḥmad in the
Essai sur le
Cheikhisme, I. Cheikh Ahmed Lahçahi,
(Paris,
1910),
63-72 is virtually
identical to the
SOAS mss.
listing of Shaykh Ahmad's works. Sayyid Kāẓim's list of his own works is
likewise virtually identical (? CHECK) to those listed by Nicholas in his
Essai sur
le Cheikhisme, II
SÉYYED KAZEM RECHTI, See
Written under the designation Consul de France a Tauris, Nicholas' 4 vols. on Shaykhism are as follows:
- Essai sur le ChÉikhisme. I.
CheÏkh Ahmed LAHÇAHI.
Paris:
Librarie Paul Geuthner, 1910. Preface xix+1pp. +72pp. In 5 chapters;
Ch.1 ADD
Ch. 5 pp. 63-72 is a bibliography of Shaykh Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī
- Essai sur le ChÉikhisme. II
Séyyèd Kazem Rechti. Paris: Librarie Paul Geuthner, 1914. pp. 62+1 Table of
Contents. In 4 chapters.
Ch. I. Luttes entre les Bala séri et les Chéikhi Séyyèd Kazem Rechti,
pp.5-31.
Ch. II Œuvrea de Séyyèd Kazem Rechti, pp. 32-36.
http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/SHAYKHISM/Nicholas%20ChII.htm
Ch. III Les prédictiones Chéikhies, pp. 37-55.
Ch. IV. Quelques extraites des œuvres de Séyyèd Kazem Rechti, pp. 56-62.
- Essai sur le ChÉikhisme. III
La Doctrine. [Revue de la Monde Musulman] Paris: Ernest Leroux Édituer, 1911.
1-69 pp. in six sections. ADD
- Essai sur le ChÉikhisme. 1V.
LE SCIENCE DE DIEU. Paris: Librarie Paul Geuthner, 1911. Preface 1-LI+1 Table of
contents, +97pp. In 8 chapters. ADD
_______________________
Rafati, Vahid.
- The Development of Shaykhi
Thought in Shi'i Islam. Ph.D. diss. Univ. Calif. at Los Angeles,
1979. xxx pp.
Şadr, Aḥmad + Kamran Fānī + Bahā' al-Dīn Khurramshāhī (eds.),
- Dā'irat
al-mu`ārifiyyīn tashayu` ["Encyclopedia of the Shi`a" ] Vol.1 = [Entries]
Āb-Iḥyā. Tehran: Charity and Cultural Foundation, 1369 Sh. /1991.
This Persian Encyclopedia contains the entry `al-Ahsā'ī,
Shaykh Aḥmad (1166-1241)' pp. 500-501.
Ṣāliḥ, Aḥmad `Abd al-Hādī
al-Muhammad Ṣāliḥ .
صالح، أحمد عبد الهادي المحمّد
-
أعلام مدرسة
الشيخ الأوحد في القرن الثالث عشر الهجري
=
Alʻām madrasat al-shaykh al-Awḥad fī al-qarn al-thālith
aʻshar al-Hijrī, Beirut : Dār al-Maḥajja al-Bayḍāʼ, 2006.
584pp.
-
-
Masāʼil
ḥawla al-ḥaqīqah al-Muḥammadiyya : ajwibat masāʼil al-Mullā
Rashīd by Aḥmad ibn Zayn al-Dīn Aḥsāʼī,
ed. Aḥmad `Abd al-Hādī al-Muhammad Ṣāliḥ
: Ḥārat Ḥurayk /
Dār al-Maḥajjah al-Bayḍāʼ, 2006. 63pp.
Sarḥadī, Āg̲h̲ā Mubīn Sarḥadī
- Taz̲kirah-yi Shaik̲h̲ulauḥad Shaik̲h̲ Aḥmad
Aḥsāʼī ḥaqāʼiq kī raushnī men̲. Faiṣalābād : Muballig̲h̲-i
Aʻẓam Akaiḍmī, 1980. In Urdu. 224 pp., + one leaf of plates.
Scarcia, G.
- `Kerman 1905: La`guerra tra Šeiḫī e Bālāsarī' ' in Annali del Instituto
Universatario Orientale de Napoli. N.S. 13 1966 pp.195-238.
- ADD
Scholl, Steve.
- `SHAYKHĪYAH' in Mircea Eliade et al. ed. The Encyclopedia of Religion
Vol. 13 pp. 230-233.
طالاني، محمد حسن.
al-Ṭāliqānī
[al-Najafī], Sayyid Muhammad Ḥasan ibn `Abd al-Rasūl ibn Mashkūr al-Ḥusaynī, al-Ṭāliqānī,
al-Najafī.
(b. Najaf,
1350/1931 d. ADD)
-
الشيخية : نشأتها وتطورها ومصادر
دراستها
-
al-Shaykhiyya, nasha'āthā wa taṭawwūrhā wa maṣādir dirāsathā
nishāti-hā
("Shaykism, its
origins, its evolution and the sources for its study") Beirut: al-Ṭaba`at
al-Alwaī, 1420/1999. 409pp. Index pp. 406-409. This work was
apparently completed by the author in 1394/1974 and the ms. placed on one of
the shelves of his library.... ADD
CONTENTS:
-
Prolegomenon and
preliminaries including a few pages on the Akhbārī and Uṣūlī Shi`i
factions and the Bābī and Bahā'ī religions... pp.7-29.
-
Pt. 1 The development
of thought within Shī`īsm in the 13th cent. AH.... pp.31-52
-
Pt. II Shaykh Aḥmad-i Ahsā'ī
pp. 53-113.
-
Pt. III Sayyid Kazim
Rashti pp.117-173.
-
Pt. IV [Post al-Ahsā'ī]
Shaykhī factions and the proliferation of leadership claimants is discussed on
pp.175-221. Included are details regarding Shaykh Ḥasan G[J]awhar and about the
Shaykhis of Tabrīz, including the role of Shaykh Muhammad Ḥujjat al-Islam
Māmaqānī, or Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ḥusayn ibn Zayn al-Ābidīn ibn
`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm al-Māmaqānī (d.1269/1852) as well as Mīrzā Muhammad
Ḥusayn Ḥujjat al-Islam Māmaqānī (d. 1303/1885), Shaykh Muhammad Taqī Ḥujjat
al-Islam Māmaqānī (1248-1312/1832-1895), Shaykh Ismā'īl Muhammad Ḥujjat
al-Islam Māmaqānī (d.1317/1899) and Mīrzā Abu'l-Qāsim Ḥujjat al-Islam Māmaqānī
(d.1362/1943)... Details are also set out regarding the Kirmani Shaykhi leaders
from Hajji Mirza Muhammad Karim Khan Kirmani (No. III) until Abu'l-Qāsim Khān Ibrāhīmi
(d.1389/1969) and Hajji `Abd al-Riḍā Khān Ibrahami and the Iraqi Shaykhi leader
Sayyid `Abd-Allah al-Mūsawī (b. 1314/1899-----)..
-
Pt. V deals with
the designations and doctrinal idiosyncrasies of the Shaykhī school including
bodily return (at the eschaton), 239f; the nature of the Mi`raj of the Prophet
Muhammad 273f; the alleged ghuluww ("extremist") opinions, p.281ff and the issue
of the `speaking Imam' and the rukn al-rabi` (Fourth Pillar/Support). 298ff.
-
Following the author's
conclusion (pp. 333-350) there is a lengthy bibliography (pp.351-405) divided up
into Arabic works (355 items) and then Persian writings (61 items) many of which
have a direct or indirect bearing upon Shaykhi history and doctrine. There
follows another two useful alphabetical bibliographies of Shaykh Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī
(pp. 375-389) and (another for) Sayyid Kāẓim Rashtī (pp.391-405).
-
-
الشيخية
: نشأتها وتطورها ومصادر دراستها
=
al-Shaykhīyah : nashʼatuhā
wa-taṭawwuruhā wa-maṣādir dirāsatihā. Beirut : al-Āmāl
lil-Maṭbūʻāt, 1999.
Muḥammad
Ḥasan Ṭāliqānī / Muḥammad Ḥasan Āl al-Ṭāliqānī
- الشيخية : نشأتها وتطورها
ومصادر دراستها =
al-Shaykhiȳya :
nashʼatuhā wa-taṭawwuruhā wa-maṣādir dirāsatihā.
Baghdād : Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī, 2007. 409pp.
- Add
- Add
Tehranī, Shaykh Muhammad Muḥsin, (1876-1970),
known as Āqā Buzurg ("Grandfather")
Born. Tehran, 11th Rabi I 1293/ 6
April 1876. Died. 13th Dhu'l-Ḥijja
1380 / 20th February 1970 and buried in his private library in Najaf.
Travelled to study at
Najaf (Iraq) in 1315/1897 with leading Shī`ī authorities.
In 1329/ 1911 he moved to Kāẓimayn then Sāmarrā (both in Iraq) where he
began work on his massive 26 volume (+ vol. 9 in 4 parts) bibliography al-Dharī`a
which has some 42, 440 entries and includes some valuable notices upon
Shaykhī and Babi-Baha'i mss and publications. Āqā Buzurg returned to
Najaf in 1353/ 1935 and remained there for most of the rest of his life.
The first volume of
al-Dharī`a` appeared in 1355/1937 and the rest throughout Āqā
Buzurg's lifetime, the last volume being published posthumously by his pupil
Sayyid Ahmad Ashkevari. Eight or more vols. have been published which
supplement al-Dharī`a, including al-Mustadarak al-Dharī`a (Supplement to the
Dharī`a) by Sayyid `Aziz-Allah Ṭabāṭabā'ī (Qumm: Ahl al-Bayt, ADD) which adds
10,000 entries.
Printed fascicles of
al-Dharī`a ilā taṣānīf al-shi`a. began to appear in Najaf [Tehran]
from 1335/1936 onwards.
3rd printing al-Dharī`a
ilā taṣānīf al-shi`a. 26 (+) vols. Beirut: Dar al-aḍwā'
1983/1403.
Āqā Buzurg
Tehrani also wrote his rijal volume, the Ṭabaqāt a`lām al-shi`a
("Generations of the Learned among the Shi`a"). This bibliography was due to
span the 4th cent. AH/ 12th cent. CE until the mid. 20th cent. CE though only 6
vols. dealing with the learned of the 13th and 14th centuries AH were published.
ADD
On Āqā Buzurg
Tehrani see, for example, Hamid Algar, Āqā Bozorg Tehrānī, EIr.
2:169-170; Sayyid `Alī Shahbāz, Islamic Personalities (3) `Shaykh Aqa Buzurg
Tehrani', in Thaqalayn 4:3-4 Autumn & Winter, 1419/ 1998-9, pp. 87-102.....
Tunukabūnī,
Mirza Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān (c. 1234-1302 AH =1819-1884 CE).
This important Persian Shi`i
rijāl book includes a lengthy treatment of Shaykh Aḥmad and his
doctrinal position by one sympathetic to his person and teachings.
Numerous sometimes bowdlerized
editions and Arabic translations of his Qiṣaṣ al-`ulamā'
exist.
including, ADD Tehran 1319/1901.
Ar. trans.
Qiṣaṣ al-`ulamā'
. trans by Shaykh ADD Beirut: Dar al-Hujjat al-Bayḍā',
1992/1413. pp. 9-490 + index (491-6).
Zarandī, Muhammad, Nabil-i A`ẓam. (d.
Acre
1892).
The bulky Persian
Tarikh-i Zarandī in a partial edition and
Eng. trans. by Shoghi Effendi (d.1957), with the title The
Dawn-Breakers, Nabil's Narrative of the Early Days of the Baha'i Revelation (1st ed. 1932), is a recreation of early Shaykhī and Babi history by the Guardian
of the Baha'i religion based upon the mss. notes of Zarandī. It opens with a
Chapter 1 `The Mission of Shaykh Aḥmad-i Ahsā'ī (pp.1-18) and continues at
Chapter 2 `The Mission of Sayyid Kāẓim-i Rashtī (pp.19-46). Here the twin
founders of Shaykhism are pictured as forerunners of the Bāb as the expected
messianic Qā'im and of Bahā'-Allāh as the eschatological Qayyūm ("Deity
Self-Subsisting"). For On-line versions see
SEEN ALSO THE URLs FOR SHAYKHI STUDIES AND
SOURCES
LISTED ON THIS WEBSITE:
http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/SHAYKHISM/SHAYKHISM-URLs.htm
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