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THE QAYYŪM AL-ASMĀ' OF THE BĀB. Part IV [4]
سورة
المدينه
Sūrat
al-madīnah
(The Surah of the
City)
on
Qur'ān 12:3
Under revision
2009-10
The
versification of the surahs is sometimes uncertain. The Bāb himself
stated that there should be forty-two verses in each surah of the QA
as accords with the abjad numerical value of lī
meaning "before me" in Q. 12:4b (Ar.
لي =
l + ī = 30+10= 40) and another two representative of "the sun and
the moon" (40+2 = 42). This figure is explicitly confirmed in the
Bāb's Khuṭba al-dhikriyya (" The Sermon of the Remembrance") where
it is stated in the context of an imamologically numbered
categorization of the early works (dating from 1260-1262 AH):
"The Fourth [revelational categorization] is the Ḥusaynid Book (kitāb
al-ḥusayniyya) which is the Commentary upon the Surah of
Joseph (sharḥ Sūrat Yūsuf [= Tafsīr Sūrat Yūsuf = Qayyūm al-asmā'])
-- upon him be peace -- which is divided up into one hundred and
eleven firmly established [clearly delineated] ( muḥkamat)
surahs. Every one of them is made up of forty two verses. These
constitute a sufficient [messianic] testimony unto whomsoever
exists upon the earth or lieth beneath the Divine Throne (al-`arsh)..."
(cited Afnan 2000: 472; cf. 445).
The same 42 mode of surah versification of the QA., is
evident in certain mss. of this work; most notably the early 1261
(QA
ms. 1261) Muhammad Mahdī ibn Karbalā'ī, mss.
where QA1 and 2 (and other surah
headings) have following words after the surah title and in between
the basmala, wa hiya ithnā' [tāni] wa arba`ūn "and it
[the Surah] has forty two verses". In QA4 I have with
difficulty, very
tentatively versified
at 42 and retain this versification for the sake of reference and
commentary. It is under revision after consultation of further QA
mss.
QA 4:3-4f rewrites
Q. 12:3 and indicates that the qur’anic narratives or stories (al-qaṣaṣ)
are explained or made clear for such as lovingly and attentively identify with
the Gate (al-Bāb), doubtless the person of the Bāb himself. Through him a
"Book" was revealed for every people in their own language (cf. Q.14:4). Its
universal language is the Arabic language of the Remembrance (bi-lisan al-dhikr)
which is described as novel or wondrous (badi`an). In the next verses it
is clear that the Bāb is referring to his own considerable facility in Arabic.
In the heavenly and archetypal "Mother Book" (umm al-kitab) he is recorded as
"the most Arab of [pure blooded] Arabs (a`rab al- `arba'). He is an
absolute Arabic especially skilled in Arabic (al-faṣīḥ ) one a`rab
[an] al- 'arubā' for he is reckoned "among the
most eloquent of those possessed of eloquence (iblagh al-bulagha'). These
early claims to a mastery of Arabic are repeated in other early letters and works.
The Bab was especially consciious of his Arab lineage as a Sayyid and
one who devoted himself to the beauty of the Arabic Qur'ān and its
language. Not only this but
the Bāb is described as al-tilism al-a`ẓam "the Supreme Talisman"
(a claim echoed relative to Muhammad in the Khutba al-tutunjiyya of
Imam`Alī)
again endowed with a power decreed in "Mother Book" where he is inscribed
as one possessed of talismanic power. He we find early reference to the Bāb’s
early,
very marked, interest in the science of talismans which were small scrolls
inscribed with sacred words, letters, scripts and diagrams designed to protect
and sanctify the person who wears them. In later Bābīsm they came to encapsulate
prophetic, divine, messianic and other secrets. The implication of the
description of the Bāb as the "Supreme Talisman" may be a highlighting of his
talismanic powers centered upon his divinely revealed Arabic locutions or
verses. QA 4:7ff includes
some interesting early titles of the Bāb and verses 14f are an address to the
"servants of God" as to the veracity of the Bāb’s being one promised and his
power of revelation. QA 4:18f would appear to be addressed to the Muslims of
the city of Medina whose faith in Islam is questioned in the light of a failure
to acknowledge the truth of the Bāb. QA 4:20f addresses the same persons and
the non-believing `Arabs surrounding Medina questioning their failure to accept
the universal Shī`ī covenant regarding the successorship of Alī b Abi Ṭālib, the
first Imam of the Shī`ī Muslims. QA 4:23ff again expresses the dire result of
rejecting the messianic person of the Dhikr or Remembrance. The need to reflect deeply
upon the Q. And its new, inner, ta`wil senses provided by the Bab is advised.
QA 4:36ff has to do with a symbolic parable of al-nafsayn, two
archetypal "Persons". It is perhaps addressed to Sunni Muslims
and /or or to archetypal "Persons" allotted to twin
archetypal zones (cf. the twin waterways or gulfs") such as are
allusively indicated in the Khuṭbat al-Ṭutunjiyya through Sayyid
Kazim's commentary on Rajab al-Bursi's introduction to it (in the Mashariq anwar al-yaqin ). Bursi mentions ther sermon as
being delivered by Imam `Ali between
Kufa [now in Iraq] and Medina
[now in Saudi Arabia] (al-Bursi, Mashariq, 166). Aspects of this
twin city imagery is related to dual soteriological aspects (Mercy +
Wrath, etc) of twin gulf cosmology and to the
primacy of Imam `Alī as well for the Bab in QA IV to the veracity of the eschatological mission of the Bāb.
The references in 4:37f to "two rivers", "two Wests" and "two
gulfs" (khalījayn) confirm the allusions to the
Khuṭbat al-Ṭutunjiyya through Sayyid Kazim's commentary
thereon. The khalījayn ("twin gulfs") are explicitly mentioned in the
Khuṭbat al-Ṭutunjiyya in association with the tutunjayn (also
"twin gulfs") often understood in Shaykhi-Babi exegesis as two rivers (nahrayn).
We thus read in QA 4: 37
و علی الاخر نهرين فی ارض المغربين و قد كان له حيتان فی احدی الخليجين
For the latter [of the two] were [provided] two
rivers (nahrayn) in the land of the "two Wests" (fi arḍ al-maghribayn); having two gardens (jannatayn) in one of the two gulfs (khalījayn).
As elsewhere in the QA Arabic dual formations are common. They are in part
inspired by the deep senses that the Bāb found in key lines of the Khuṭbah
al-ṭutunjiyya, the ‘Sermon of the Gulf' ascribed to Imam `Alī (d.
40/661). In many of his works the Bāb draws on this Sermon and upon Sayyid Kāẓim
Rashti’s partial commentary upon it. Details cannot be gone into here though
Sayyid Kāẓim understood the two Ṭ-T-N-J s (an Arabic quadriliteral loanword of
unknown etymology) as "two gulfs-bays-channels" (khalījayn) using exactly the same word
in the dual as the Bāb uses here in QA 4:37f. See further
http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/03-Biblical-islam-BBst/TTNJ.HTM
THE QAYYŪM AL-ASMĀ'
Part IV
سورة
Sūrat
al-madīna
(The
Surah of the City) on Qur'ān 12: [1]
بسم اللّه الرّحمن الرّحيم In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. [2]
نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ أَحْسَنَ الْقَصَصِ بِمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ وَإِنْ كُنتَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ
[3] آلمط[ه] (A-L-M-Ṭ [-H]) `Alīf-Lām-Mīm-Ṭā' [-Hā'] (abjad = 80 [85]) [4] انّا نحن قد بيّنا القصص للّذين يريدوننا من لدی الباب محبّاً و مجيباً
[5] و انّا نحن قد نزّلنا الكتاب بالحقّ علی الحقّ ليكون النّاس فی ذلك الكتاب علی اسم الذّكر مكتوباً
[6] انّا نحن قد نزّلنا الكتاب علی كلّ امّة بلسانهم و قد نزّلنا هذا الكتاب بلسان الذّكر علی الحقّ بالحقّ بديعاً
[7] و انّه هو الحقّ من عند اللّه و فی امّ الكتاب علی حكم الكتاب قد كان من اعربا [عن *] لعرباء مكتوبا
[8] و انّه هو الفصيح من ابلغ البلغإ و هو الطّلسم الاعظم بالحقّ و انّه قد كان فی امّ الكتاب طلسميّاً مرقوماً
[9] و انّا نحن قد جعلناك علی العالمين شمساً مضيئاً و قمراً منيراً We, verily, have made thee [the Bāb] to be a resplendent Sun and a shining Moon unto all the worlds; [10] و بشراً عفيفاً و ركناً علی العالمين قويّاً a Chaste Man and Firm Pillar (rukn) unto all the worlds. [11] لعلّ النّاس كانوا باللّه و باياته علی الحقّ بالحقّ كفيلاً perchance the people will, in very truth, act responsibly towards God and His signs [verses]. [12] لكن النّاس ما كانوا بايات اللّه الحقّ علی الحقّ رضيّاً But the people are not, in very truth, content with the signs [or: verses] of God. [13] و قد كان النّاس باللّه و باياته علی غير الحقّ عجيباً Disdainful of the Truth, the people are astonished at God and His signs [verses]. [14] يا عباد اللّه الم يريكم عبدنا علی الحقّ وعيدا عمّا اراد اللّه فيكم فی الدّين القيّم هذا مستحقّاً
[15] و انّ اللّه قد جعل الايات آياتنا و علی شأن الذّكر قد كان فی امّ الكتاب حكم امّ الكتاب مكتوباً **
[16] و هذه احدها لمن كان له عن الرّحمن فی عنقه عهدا علی الحقّ بالحقّ مستقيماً
[17] و قد دخل فی ذلك الباب باذن اللّه الحميد طاهراً تقيّاً
[18] يا اهل المدينه انتم المشركون بربّكم ان كنتم آمنتم بمحمّد رسول اللّه و خاتم النّبيّين و كتابه الفرقان الّذی لايأتيه الباطل فانّا قد نزّلنا علی عبدنا باذن اللّه هذا الكتاب بمثله ان تؤمنون به فايمانكم بمحمّد و الكتاب من قبل علی الحقّ قد كان كذبا عند اللّه مشهودا O people of the city!
[19] و ان تكفرون* به فكفركم بمحمّد و كتابه عند انفسكم قد كان باليقين علی الحقّ بالحقّ معلوماً
[20] يا اهل المدينه و من حولها من الاعراب ما لكم كيف قد كفرتم بمحمّد بعد وفاته علی غير الحقّ جهاداً
[21] الم يأخذ اللّه و نبيّه عنكم عهداً فی وصاية وليّه فی مواطن من الارض علی الحقّ بالحقّ كثيراً
[22] ان كنتم آمنتم باللّه الّذی لا اله الا هو فما لكم كيف تحكمون لانفسكم بغير ما انزل اللّه فی كتابه الحقّ من قبل علی الحقّ بالحقّ محفوظا
[23] فو ربّكم لو لا تؤمنوا بذكرنا و هذا الكتاب فايقنوا انّ ما ربّكم النّار فيها خالداً ابداً By thy Lord!
[24] و ما لكم من دون اللّه العلیّ فی يوم الفضل ظهيراً
[25] فلقد مات منكم كفراً بعض الانفس من قبل و ما كنتم آمنتم بمحمّد ولا من حولكم بعد عروجه
*
الا
و قد كفرتم بوصيّه ما
لكم لا تتدبّرون القرآن علی الحقّ بالحقّ تنزيلا
In the past some
among you died in a state of unbelief.
You and your associates disbelieved in
Muhammad after his ascension
inasmuch as you did not believe in his successor
(wali) [= Imam `Alī]. What possessed you that failed to ponder upon the Qur'an
which was, in very truth, divinely revealed?
[26]
انّ اللّه قد يعدكم الجنّة و الشّيطان يدعوكم
بدينكم الّذی يبلّغكم الی الحجيم فمن شاء
منكم فليؤمن و من شاء
منكم
فليكفر و انّ اللّه لغنی عن العالمين جميعاً
God promised you the Garden
[Paradise] but Satan summons you to your religion
which leads you unto the
blazing hell (al-jaḥim). So let such as will among you believe and such
as will among you disbelieve. God, verily, is Self- Sufficient of all the
worlds.
[27]
و ان القوّة للّه العزيز قديماً
Power belongeth to God, the Almighty, the Ancient One.
[28]
يا اهل المدينة
اتّقوا اللّه من يوم لاتقدّرون لانفسكم
من شیء
و لقد كان الحكم منّا علی الحقّ بالحقّ مكتوبا فما لكم كيف قد كفرتم باللّه
بارئكم الّذی لا اله الا هو
الّذی قد خلقكم و رزقكم بجوده و انّه قد
كان عليكم بالحقّ شهيداً
O people of the city! Fear God with respect to [the
coming of] a Day when you yourselves will have no power over the least thing. The judgment is, in very truth, written down by Us. What then ails you
that you have disbelieved in God your Fashioner, Who, no God is there except
Him? He, verily, created you and provided for you out of His Bounty and, in
very truth, stands as witness over against you. [29] افلاتتدبّرون القرآن تنزيلاً Why do you not ponder upon the divinely revealed Qur'an? [30] افلاتتدبّرون القرآن تأويلاً Why do you not ponder upon the [true] interpretation [inner sense] (ta'wil an) of the Qur'an? [31] اتّقوا اللّه من اخذنا علی الحقّ شديداً Fear ye God for Our punishment is, in very truth, severe. [32] ان كنتم فيما كنتم و لاترجعون الی ذكر اللّه العلیّ بالحقّ علی الحقّ قريبا
[33] فسوف يريكم اللّه فی القيمة نارا قد احاطت بانفسكم هنالك لن تجدوا من دون اللّه العلیّ ظهيراً
[34] آمنتم من دون اللّه الحقّ بنفسين و كان اللّه علی كلّ شیء محيطاً
[35] آمنتم من دون اللّه الحقّ بشیء و كان اللّه علی كلّ شیء شهيدا
[36]
فاضرب علی اهل المدينة ضرباً علی المثلين فی النّفسين قد قدّر اللّه لاحدهما حول الباب جنّتين من الشّجرين مرتفعين
احدهما يسقی الماء
فی الحوضين و الاخر يشرب
الماء
فی الكأسين و هما قد كانا باذن اللّه فی المائين موقوفاً
**
O Delight of the Eyes (Qurrat al- `ayn) [ = the
Bāb]! Strike for the people of the city the parable of the two persons (al-nafsayn). For one of the two God ordained two gardens with two elevated trees in the
vicinity of the Gate (al-Bāb). The one of them drank from the water
in the two ponds (al-hauḍayn) and the other quaffed of the water in the
two [wine] bowls (al-kasayn). Both were, by the leave of God, established
in the vicinity of the [Sinaitic] Fire (al-nar) near the two [cosmic]
Watery Expanses (al-mā'ayn). [37]
و علی الاخر نهرين فی ارض المغربين و قد كان له حيتان فی احدی الخليجين
For the latter [of the two] were [provided] two
rivers (nahrayn) in the land of the "two Wests" (fi arḍ al-maghribayn); having two gardens (jannatayn) in one of the two gulfs (khalījayn).
[38]
فقال الصّاحبيه الاوّلين انّكما علی الامر فی الاخرين و انّی ما اظنّ الحقّ فی
السّاعتين قائمتين The former of the two said to his companion, `You
subscribe to the stipulation (al-amr) about the two hereafters (al-akhirayn)
[or: two latter days?] but I contest the truth about the realization of the two
[eschatological] hours [two Qā’ims?] (al-sa`atayn qa'imatayn; cf.
Q.18:32-35). [39]
و
هو علی الكفر باليقين للانفس نفسه و للنفسين بعده
This was, of a certainty, an expression of unbelief on the part of
souls, [that soul] himself and [such two?] souls as [came] after him.
[40]
تاللّه الحقّ فانصفوا بالحقّ فایّ النّفسين فی الحزبين قد كان حول النّار
محموداً By God, the True One! So judge thou aright which of
the two persons (al-nafsayn) of the two factions (al-hizbayn) was
praiseworthy in the vicinity of the [Sinaitic] Fire (al-nar)? [41]
و انّ الحقّ قد عرّفه فی المسجد الحرام رؤية العدل فی الحقّ الاكبر
اكفرت بالّذی قد خلقك من تراب ثمّ من نطفة ثمّ سوّيك رجلاً محدوداً
The
True One indeed recognized him [the best of the two persons] in the Sacred
Mosque (al-masjid al-ḥaram; cf. Q. l7:1), a vision of justice (ru'yat
al-`adl) according to the Most Great Truth. Dost thou (sing.)
disbelieve in He Who created thee from dust, then from a drop of sperm, then
fashioned thee into well proportioned man? [42]
يا اهل الشّرك
لم
تجعلون لانفسكم مع الباب باباً آخر تاللّه الحقّ لقد كان مقعدكم النّار بحكم
الكتاب ملوماً مخذولاً
O people of blasphemy! By God, the True One! According to the decree of the Book your refuge shall be the [hell-] fire which is accursed and vile.
_______________________ The versification above is at times uncertain |