THE QAYYŪM AL-ASMĀ'  OF THE BĀB.

Part  IV

[4]

سورة  المدينه 

Sūrat al-madīnah

(The Surah of the City) 

on

Qur'ān 12:3

 

Under revision 2009-10


       

Part IV of the provisional translation of the Qayyūm al-asmā’ (=QA) of the Bāb (mid. 1844/1260) with brief introduction and selective notes consists of a full versified English translation of the Sūrat al-madinah (Surah of the City). This translation was done in the early 1980s though not from any critical edition. I simply consulted several good mss.

    The versification of the surahs is sometimes uncertain. The Bāb himself stated that there should be forty-two verses in each surah of the QA as accords with the  abjad  numerical value of lī   meaning "before me"  in Q. 12:4b  (Ar. لي = l + ī = 30+10= 40) and another two representative of "the sun and the moon" (40+2 = 42). This figure is explicitly confirmed in the Bāb's Khuṭba al-dhikriyya (" The Sermon of the Remembrance") where it is stated in the context of an imamologically numbered categorization of the early works (dating from 1260-1262 AH):

"The Fourth [revelational categorization] is the Ḥusaynid Book (kitāb al-ḥusayniyya)  which is the Commentary upon the Surah of Joseph  (sharḥ Sūrat Yūsuf [= Tafsīr Sūrat Yūsuf = Qayyūm al-asmā']) -- upon him be peace -- which is divided up into one hundred and eleven firmly established [clearly delineated] ( muḥkamat) surahs. Every one of them is made up of forty two verses. These constitute a sufficient [messianic] testimony unto whomsoever exists  upon the earth or lieth beneath the Divine Throne (al-`arsh)..." (cited Afnan 2000: 472; cf. 445).

        The same 42 mode of surah versification of the QA., is evident in certain mss. of this work; most notably the early 1261  (QA ms. 1261) Muhammad Mahdī ibn Karbalā'ī, mss.   where  QA1 and 2 (and other surah headings) have following words after the surah title and  in between the basmala,     wa hiya ithnā' [tāni] wa arba`ūn "and it [the Surah] has forty two verses". In QA4 I have with difficulty, very  tentatively versified  at  42 and retain this versification for the sake of reference and commentary. It is under revision after consultation of further QA mss.

        QA 4 opens with the basmala followed by the citation of Q.12:3 upon which it briefly comments in rewritten fashion at the outset of the Surah of the City (Surah al-madina). Four isolated letters (ḥurufāt al-muqaṭṭa`āt) open the Surah proper; the 3 letters A-L-M (abjad 71) which occur six times in the Q. (Q.2+3+29+30+31+32 ) to which is added the isolated letter Ṭ (al-ṭā’ = abjad 9 ). The fourfold group of isolated letters A-L-M-Ṭ does not occur in the Q. These letters have an abjad value of (1+30+40+9 =)  80. Aside from being neo-qur’anic their significance in the QA is unclear.

        QA 4:3-4f rewrites Q. 12:3 and indicates that the qur’anic narratives or stories (al-qaṣaṣ) are explained or made clear for such as lovingly and attentively identify with the Gate (al-Bāb), doubtless the person of the Bāb himself. Through him a "Book" was revealed for every people in their own language (cf. Q.14:4). Its universal language is the Arabic language of the Remembrance (bi-lisan al-dhikr) which is described as novel or wondrous (badi`an). In the next verses it is clear that the Bāb is referring to his own considerable facility in Arabic. In the heavenly and archetypal "Mother Book" (umm al-kitab) he is recorded as "the most Arab of [pure blooded] Arabs (a`rab al- `arba'). He is an absolute Arabic especially skilled in Arabic (al-faṣīḥ ) one a`rab  [an] al- 'arubā'    for he is reckoned "among the most eloquent of those possessed of eloquence (iblagh al-bulagha'). These early claims to a mastery of Arabic are repeated in other early letters and works. The Bab was especially consciious of his Arab lineage as a Sayyid and one who devoted himself to the beauty of the Arabic Qur'ān and its language.

        Not only this but the Bāb is described as  al-tilism al-a`ẓam  "the Supreme Talisman" (a claim echoed relative to Muhammad in the Khutba al-tutunjiyya of Imam`Alī) again endowed with a power decreed in "Mother Book" where he is inscribed as one possessed of talismanic power. He we find early reference to the Bāb’s  early, very marked,  interest in the science of talismans which were small scrolls inscribed with sacred words, letters, scripts and diagrams designed to protect and sanctify the person who wears them. In later Bābīsm they came to encapsulate prophetic, divine, messianic and other secrets. The implication of the description of the Bāb as the "Supreme Talisman" may be a highlighting of his talismanic powers centered upon his divinely revealed Arabic locutions or verses.

        QA 4:7ff includes some interesting early titles of the Bāb and verses 14f are an address to the "servants of God" as to the veracity of the Bāb’s being one promised and his power of revelation. QA 4:18f would appear to be addressed to the Muslims of the city of Medina whose faith in Islam is questioned in the light of a failure to acknowledge the truth of the Bāb. QA 4:20f addresses the same persons and the non-believing `Arabs surrounding Medina questioning their failure to accept the universal Shī`ī covenant regarding the successorship of Alī b Abi Ṭālib, the first Imam of the Shī`ī Muslims. QA 4:23ff again expresses the dire result of rejecting the messianic person of the Dhikr or Remembrance. The need to reflect deeply upon the Q. And its new, inner, ta`wil senses provided by the Bab is advised.

        QA 4:36ff has to do with a symbolic parable of al-nafsayn, two archetypal "Persons". It is perhaps addressed to Sunni Muslims  and /or or to archetypal  "Persons" allotted to  twin archetypal zones (cf. the twin waterways or gulfs") such as are allusively indicated in the Khuṭbat al-Ṭutunjiyya through  Sayyid Kazim's commentary on Rajab al-Bursi's introduction to it (in the Mashariq anwar al-yaqin  ). Bursi mentions ther sermon as  being delivered by  Imam  `Ali between Kufa [now in Iraq] and Medina [now in Saudi Arabia]  (al-Bursi, Mashariq, 166). Aspects of this twin city imagery is related to dual soteriological aspects (Mercy + Wrath, etc) of twin gulf cosmology and to the primacy of Imam `Alī as well for the Bab in QA IV  to the veracity of the eschatological mission of the Bāb.  The references in 4:37f to "two rivers", "two Wests" and "two gulfs" (khalījayn) confirm the allusions to the  Khuṭbat al-Ṭutunjiyya through  Sayyid Kazim's commentary thereon. The khalījayn ("twin gulfs") are explicitly mentioned in the Khuṭbat al-Ṭutunjiyya in association with the tutunjayn (also "twin gulfs") often understood in Shaykhi-Babi exegesis as two rivers (nahrayn). We thus read in QA 4: 37

و  علی الاخر نهرين فی ارض المغربين و قد كان له حيتان فی احدی الخليجين

For the latter [of the two] were [provided] two rivers (nahrayn) in the land of the "two Wests" (fi arḍ al-maghribayn);  having two gardens (jannatayn) in one of  the two gulfs (khalījayn).

        As elsewhere in the QA Arabic dual formations are common. They are in part inspired by the deep senses that the Bāb found in key lines of the Khuṭbah al-ṭutunjiyya, the ‘Sermon of the Gulf' ascribed to Imam `Alī (d. 40/661). In many of his works the Bāb draws on this Sermon and upon Sayyid Kāẓim Rashti’s partial commentary upon it. Details cannot be gone into here though Sayyid Kāẓim understood the two Ṭ-T-N-J s (an Arabic quadriliteral loanword of unknown etymology) as "two gulfs-bays-channels" (khalījayn) using exactly the same word in the dual as the Bāb uses here in QA 4:37f.

See further http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/03-Biblical-islam-BBst/TTNJ.HTM

 


THE QAYYŪM AL-ASMĀ' 

Part  IV

سورة  المدينه 

Sūrat al-madīna

(The Surah of the City)

on

Qur'ān 12:3 

[1]

بسم اللّه الرّحمن الرّحيم

In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate.

[2]

 

نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ أَحْسَنَ الْقَصَصِ بِمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ وَإِنْ كُنتَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ

"We narrate unto thee the best of stories in what We reveal unto thee in this recitation (al-qur'an) though before this thou didst know nothing about it" (Q. 12:3).

[3]

 آلمط[ه]

(A-L-M-Ṭ [-H])

  `Alīf-Lām-Mīm-Ṭā' [-Hā']  (abjad = 80 [85])

[4]

انّا نحن قد بيّنا القصص للّذين يريدوننا من لدی الباب محبّاً و مجيباً

We, verily, have indeed made clear the narratives [stories] (al-qaṣaṣ) for such as lovingly and attentively seek Us through the Gate (al-Bāb).

[5]

و انّا نحن قد نزّلنا الكتاب بالحقّ علی الحقّ ليكون النّاس فی ذلك الكتاب علی اسم الذّكر مكتوباً

We, verily, in truth have sent down the Book such that the people might realize the name of the Dhikr written in that Book

[6]

انّا نحن قد نزّلنا الكتاب علی كلّ امّة بلسانهم و قد نزّلنا هذا الكتاب بلسان الذّكر علی الحقّ بالحقّ بديعاً

We, verily, have sent down this Book in very truth unto every community in their own language. And We, indeed, have sent down this Book in the language of the Remembrance (bi-lisan al-dhikr) which is, in very truth, wondrous [novel] (badi`an) (cf. Q.14:4). (cf. SWB: XX)

[7]

و انّه هو الحقّ من عند اللّه و فی امّ الكتاب علی حكم الكتاب قد كان من اعربا [عن *] لعرباء  مكتوبا

He, verily, is the True One from God. And in the Mother Book, according to the decree of the Book, he is reckoned to be the most Arab of [pure blooded] Arabs (a`rab  [an] al- 'arubā'). (cf. SWB: ADD)

[8]

و انّه هو الفصيح من ابلغ البلغإ و هو الطّلسم الاعظم بالحقّ و انّه قد كان فی امّ الكتاب طلسميّاً مرقوماً

And He is specially skilled [in Arabic] (al-faṣīḥ) among the most eloquent of those possessed of eloquence (iblagh al-bulagha'). He, in very truth, is the Supreme Ṭalisman (al-tilism al-a`ẓam). In the Mother Book he is inscribed as one possessed of talismanic power (cf. SWB: ADD)

[9]

و انّا نحن قد جعلناك علی العالمين شمساً مضيئاً و قمراً منيراً

 We, verily, have made thee [the Bāb] to be a resplendent Sun and a shining Moon unto all the worlds;

[10]

و بشراً عفيفاً و ركناً علی العالمين قويّاً

a Chaste Man and Firm Pillar (rukn) unto all the worlds.

[11]

لعلّ النّاس كانوا باللّه و باياته علی الحقّ بالحقّ كفيلاً

perchance the people will, in very truth, act responsibly towards God and His signs [verses].

[12]

لكن النّاس ما كانوا بايات اللّه الحقّ علی الحقّ رضيّاً

But the people are not, in very truth, content with the signs [or: verses] of God.

 [13]

و قد كان النّاس باللّه و باياته علی غير الحقّ عجيباً

Disdainful of the Truth, the people are astonished at God and His signs [verses].

 [14]

يا عباد اللّه

الم يريكم عبدنا علی الحقّ وعيدا عمّا اراد اللّه فيكم فی الدّين القيّم هذا مستحقّاً

O servants of God!

Dost thou not see Our servant [the Bāb], in very truth, as one promised according to that which God hath desired among you with respect to this established religion expressive of truth?

[15]

و انّ اللّه قد جعل الايات آياتنا و علی شأن الذّكر قد كان فی امّ الكتاب حكم  امّ الكتاب مكتوباً **

God hath made the verses to be Our signs through the power of the Remembrance (al-dhikr). Indeed do they constitute the decree of the Book which is written in the Mother Book.

[16]

و هذه احدها لمن كان له عن الرّحمن فی عنقه عهدا علی الحقّ بالحقّ مستقيماً

And this is one of these [verses] for one around whose neck the All-Merciful hath, in very truth, affixed an upright covenant.

[17]

و قد دخل فی ذلك الباب باذن اللّه الحميد طاهراً تقيّاً

He, verily, hath by the leave of God, the One Praised, entered pure and pious into this Gate (dhalik al-bāb).

[18]

 يا اهل المدينه

 انتم المشركون بربّكم ان كنتم آمنتم بمحمّد رسول اللّه و خاتم النّبيّين و كتابه الفرقان الّذی لايأتيه الباطل

 فانّا قد نزّلنا علی عبدنا باذن اللّه هذا الكتاب بمثله ان تؤمنون به فايمانكم بمحمّد و الكتاب من قبل علی الحقّ قد كان كذبا عند اللّه مشهودا

O people of the city!

Ye are polytheists (al-mushrikun) in the sight of your Lord. If ye truly believe in Muhammad, the Apostle of God and seal of the prophets (khatam al-nabiyyīn) [cf. Q. 33: 40b] and in His Book, the Furqan [Qur'an], which is devoid of error, then [acknowledge that] We, verily, have sent down, by the leave of God, this Book upon Our servant [the Bāb] which is indeed the like of it [the Qur'an]. If ye fail to believe in him [the Bāb] then your faith in Muhammad and His Book [revealed] in the past, will, as befits the Truth, be treated as false in the estimation of God. (cf. SWB:ADD)

[19]

و ان تكفرون*  به فكفركم بمحمّد و كتابه عند انفسكم قد كان باليقين علی الحقّ بالحقّ معلوماً

"If ye deny Him, the fact of your having disbelieved in Muhammad and His Book, will, in very truth and with absolute certainty,  become evident unto yourselves" (SWB: ADD)

[20]

يا اهل المدينه و من حولها من الاعراب

 ما لكم كيف قد كفرتم بمحمّد بعد وفاته علی غير الحقّ جهاداً

O people of the city and such of the Arabs as are around it!

What possessed you that, disdainful of the Truth, you publicly disbelieved in Muhammad after his death?

[21]

الم يأخذ اللّه و نبيّه عنكم عهداً فی وصاية وليّه فی مواطن من الارض علی الحقّ بالحقّ كثيراً

Did not God and his Prophet take a covenant (`ahdan ) with you about the wiṣaya [mandate  successorship] of his walīy (successor =  Imam `Alī), in very truth, [effective] throughout the regions of the earth?

[22]

ان كنتم آمنتم باللّه الّذی لا اله الا هو فما لكم كيف تحكمون لانفسكم بغير ما انزل اللّه فی كتابه الحقّ من قبل علی الحقّ بالحقّ محفوظا

 If you truly believe in God -- no God is there except Him -- then how is it that you yourselves have made a judgment that does not accord with that which God sent down in His Book [the Qur'an], the Truth preserved aforetime?

[23]

فو ربّكم لو لا تؤمنوا بذكرنا و هذا الكتاب فايقنوا انّ ما ربّكم النّار فيها خالداً ابداً

By thy Lord!

If you do not believe in Our Remembrance (dhikr) and this Book then know of a certainty that your abode shall be the fire [of hell] wherein you shall eternally remain.

[24]

و ما لكم من دون اللّه العلیّ فی يوم الفضل ظهيراً

And apart from God, the Exalted, you shall have no helper on the Day of Separation (yaum al-faṣl).

[25]

فلقد مات منكم كفراً بعض الانفس من قبل و ما كنتم آمنتم بمحمّد ولا من حولكم بعد عروجه   

 * الا و قد كفرتم بوصيّه ما لكم لا تتدبّرون القرآن علی الحقّ بالحقّ تنزيلا 

 In the past some among you died in a state of unbelief. You and your associates disbelieved in Muhammad after his ascension inasmuch as you did not believe in his successor (wali) [= Imam `Alī]. What possessed you that failed to ponder upon the Qur'an which was, in very truth, divinely revealed?

[26]

انّ اللّه قد يعدكم الجنّة و الشّيطان يدعوكم بدينكم الّذی يبلّغكم الی الحجيم فمن شاء منكم فليؤمن و من شاء  منكم فليكفر و انّ اللّه لغنی عن العالمين جميعاً

God promised you the Garden [Paradise] but Satan summons you to your religion which leads you unto the blazing hell (al-jaḥim).  So let such as will among you believe and such as will among you disbelieve.  God, verily, is Self- Sufficient of all the worlds.

[27]

و ان القوّة للّه العزيز قديماً

Power belongeth to God, the Almighty, the Ancient One.

[28]

يا اهل المدينة

 اتّقوا اللّه من يوم لاتقدّرون لانفسكم من شیء و لقد كان الحكم منّا علی الحقّ بالحقّ مكتوبا فما لكم كيف قد كفرتم باللّه بارئكم الّذی لا اله الا هو

 الّذی قد خلقكم و رزقكم بجوده و انّه قد كان عليكم بالحقّ شهيداً

O people of the city!

Fear God with respect to [the coming of] a Day when you yourselves will have no power over the least thing.  The judgment is, in very truth, written down by Us.  What then ails you that you have disbelieved in God your Fashioner, Who, no God is there except Him?  He, verily, created you and provided for you out of His Bounty and, in very truth, stands as witness over against you.

[29]

افلاتتدبّرون القرآن تنزيلاً

Why do you not ponder upon the divinely revealed Qur'an?

[30]

افلاتتدبّرون القرآن تأويلاً

Why do you not ponder upon the [true] interpretation [inner sense] (ta'wil an) of the Qur'an?

[31]

اتّقوا اللّه من اخذنا علی الحقّ شديداً

Fear ye God for Our punishment is, in very truth, severe.

[32]

ان كنتم فيما كنتم و لاترجعون الی ذكر اللّه العلیّ بالحقّ علی الحقّ قريبا

By virtue of what you are you shall not return unto the Exalted Remembrance of God (dhikr Allah) who is, in very truth, near at hand.

[33]

فسوف يريكم اللّه فی القيمة نارا قد احاطت بانفسكم هنالك لن تجدوا من دون اللّه العلیّ ظهيراً

At the Resurrection God will show you a Fire which will surround your selves, wherein you shall not find a Helper apart from God, the Exalted.

 

[34]

آمنتم من دون اللّه الحقّ بنفسين و كان اللّه علی كلّ شیء محيطاً

Apart from God, the True One, you have believed in two persons [or: two souls; nafsayn]. And God['s knowledge] encompasseth all things.

[35]

آمنتم من دون اللّه الحقّ  بشیء و كان اللّه علی كلّ  شیء  شهيدا

** Aside from God, the True One, you have believed in some other thing, and God is ever witness unto all things.

[36]

يا قرّة العين

فاضرب علی اهل المدينة ضرباً علی المثلين فی النّفسين قد قدّر اللّه لاحدهما حول الباب جنّتين من الشّجرين مرتفعين

احدهما يسقی الماء فی الحوضين و الاخر يشرب الماء فی الكأسين و هما قد كانا باذن اللّه فی المائين موقوفاً **

 O Delight of the Eyes (Qurrat al- `ayn) [ = the Bāb]!

Strike for the people of the city the parable of the two persons (al-nafsayn). For one of the two God ordained two gardens with two elevated trees in the vicinity of the Gate (al-Bāb). The one of them drank from the water in the two ponds (al-hauḍayn) and the other quaffed of the water in the two [wine] bowls (al-kasayn). Both were, by the leave of God, established in the vicinity of the [Sinaitic] Fire (al-nar) near the two [cosmic] Watery Expanses (al-mā'ayn).

[37] 

و  علی الاخر نهرين فی ارض المغربين و قد كان له حيتان فی احدی الخليجين

For the latter [of the two] were [provided] two rivers (nahrayn) in the land of the "two Wests" (fi arḍ al-maghribayn);  having two gardens (jannatayn) in one of  the two gulfs (khalījayn).

[38]

فقال الصّاحبيه الاوّلين انّكما علی الامر فی الاخرين و انّی ما اظنّ الحقّ فی السّاعتين قائمتين

The former of the two said to his companion, `You subscribe to the stipulation (al-amr) about the two hereafters (al-akhirayn) [or: two latter days?] but I contest the truth about the realization of the two [eschatological] hours [two Qā’ims?] (al-sa`atayn qa'imatayn; cf. Q.18:32-35).

[39]

 و هو علی الكفر باليقين للانفس نفسه و للنفسين بعده

This was, of a certainty, an expression of unbelief on the part of souls,  [that soul] himself and [such two?] souls as [came] after him.

[40]

تاللّه الحقّ فانصفوا بالحقّ فایّ النّفسين فی الحزبين قد كان حول النّار محموداً

By God, the True One!

So judge thou aright which of the two persons (al-nafsayn) of the two factions (al-hizbayn) was praiseworthy in the vicinity of the [Sinaitic] Fire (al-nar)?

[41]

و انّ الحقّ قد عرّفه فی المسجد الحرام رؤية العدل فی الحقّ الاكبر

اكفرت بالّذی قد خلقك من تراب ثمّ من نطفة ثمّ سوّيك  رجلاً محدوداً  

The True One indeed recognized him [the best of the two persons] in the Sacred Mosque (al-masjid al-ḥaram; cf. Q. l7:1), a vision of justice (ru'yat al-`adl) according to the Most Great Truth. Dost thou (sing.) disbelieve in He Who created thee from dust, then from a drop of sperm, then fashioned thee into well proportioned man?

[42]

يا اهل الشّرك

 لم تجعلون لانفسكم مع الباب باباً آخر تاللّه الحقّ لقد كان مقعدكم النّار بحكم الكتاب ملوماً مخذولاً 

O people of blasphemy!

Do not set up for yourselves another Gate (Bāb) in opposition to the Gate (al-Bāb).

By God, the True One! According to the decree of the Book your refuge shall be the [hell-] fire which is accursed and vile.

 

 

 

 _______________________

The versification above is at times uncertain