Work on Face Detection


Publications

  1. M.-H. Yang, N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, "Mixtures of Linear Subspaces for Face Detection", Submitted to the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV 99), Kerkyra, Greece, 1999.
    Abstract: iccv99-abstract.html. Compressed postscript: iccv99.ps.gz.
  2. M.-H. Yang , N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, "Face Detection Using a Mixture of Factor Analyzers", Submitted to the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP99), Kobe, Japan, 1999.
    Abstract: icip99-abstract.html. Compressed postscript: icip99.ps.gz.
  3. M.-H. Yang and N. Ahuja, "Detecting Human Faces in Color Images", In Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 98), pp. 127-139, Chicago, October, 1998.
    Abstract: icip98-abstract.html. Compressed postscript: icip98.ps.gz.
  4. M.-H. Yang and N. Ahuja, "Gaussian Mixture Modeling of Human Skin Color and Its Applications in Image and Video Databases", To appear in the 1999 SPIE/EI&T Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases, San Jose, January, 1999 .
    Abstract: spie99-abstract.html. Compressed postscript: spie99.ps.gz.

Working Papers

  1. M.-H. Yang , N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, "A Mixture of Subspaces for Face Detection",
    Abstract: mfld-abstract.html. Compressed postscript: mfld.ps.gz.
  2. M.-H. Yang , N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, "Face Detection Using a Mixture of Subspsaces",
    Abstract: report-abstract.html. Compressed postscript: report.ps.gz.

Bibliography on face detection methods

Click here to dowload the bibtex file

@Article{Adini97a,
  author = 	 {Y. Adini and Y. Moses and S. Ullman},
  title = 	 {Face Recognition: The Problem of Compensating for
                  Changes in Illumination Direction},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.},
  year = 	 {1997},
  volume = 	 {19},
  number = 	 {7},
  pages = 	 {721-732},
}
		  
@Article{Ahuja96a,
  author = 	 {N. Ahuja},
  title = 	 {A transform for multiscale image segmentation by
		  integrated edge and region detection},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.},
  year = 	 {1996},
  volume = 	 {18},
  number = 	 {12},
  pages = 	 {1211-1235},
}

@InProceedings{Augusteijn93a,
  author = 	 {M. F. Augusteijn and T. L. Skujca},
  title = 	 {Identification of human faces through texture-based 
                  feature recognition and neural network technology},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Neural Networks},
  pages = 	 {392-398},
  year = 	 {1993},
}

@InProceedings{Bartlett96a,
  author = 	 {Marian Stewart Bartlett and Paul A. Viola and T. J. 
                  Sejnowski and B. Golomb and J. Larsen and
                  J. C. Hager and P. Ekman},
  title = 	 {Classifying Facial Action},
  booktitle = 	 {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  volume = 	 {8},
  pages =        {823-829},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@Article{Belhumeur97a,
  author = 	 {P. Belhumeur and J. Hespanha and D. Kriegman},
  title = 	 {Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class
                  Specific Linear Projection},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.},
  year = 	 {1997},
  volume = 	 {19},
  number = 	 {7},
  pages = 	 {711-720},
}

@InProceedings{Benoit98a,
  author = 	 {P. Benoit and N. Ahuja and N. Srinivasa},
  title = 	 {Learning Multiscale Image Models of 2D Object Classes},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third Asian Conference on
                  Computer  Vision},
  pages = 	 {323-331},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@InProceedings{Bernier98a,
  author = 	 {O. Bernier and M. Collobert and R. Feraud and
                  V. Lemarie and J. E. Viallet and D. Collobert},
  title = 	 {MULTRAK: A system for automatic multiperson
                  localization and tracking in real-time},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Conference on Image
                  Processing},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages =        {136-140},
}

@InProceedings{Beymer95a,
  author = 	 {D. Beymer and T. Poggio},
  title = 	 {Face Recognition From One Example View},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                  Computer Vision},
  pages = 	 {?-?},
  year = 	 {1995},
}

@PhdThesis{Bichsel91a,
  author = 	 {M. Bichsel}, 
  title = 	 {Strategies of robust object recognition for the
                  automatic identification of human faces}, 
  school = 	 {ETH, Zurich, Switzerland},
  year = 	 {1991},
}

@InProceedings{Birchfield98a,
  author =       {S. Birchfield},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Elliptical Head Tracking Using Intensity Gradients
                  and Color histograms}, 
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {232-237},
}

@InProceedings{Boehme98a,
  author = 	 {H.J. Boehme and U.-D. Braumann and A. Brakensiek and
                  A. Corradini}, 
  title = 	 {User localisation for visually-based
                  human-machine-interaction}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on  Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {486-491},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@Article{Burel94a,
  author = 	 {G. Burel and D. Carel},
  title = 	 {Detection and Localization of Faces on Digital
                  Images}, 
  journal = 	 {Pattern Recognition Letters}, 
  year = 	 {1994},
  volume = 	 {15},
  number = 	 {?},
  pages = 	 {963-967},
}

@Article{Canny86a,
  author = 	 {J. Canny},
  title = 	 {A computational approach to edge detection}, 
  journal = 	 {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.},
  year = 	 {1986},
  volume = 	 {8},
  number = 	 {?},
  pages = 	 {679-698},
}

@InProceedings{Cascia98a,
  author =       {M. L. Cascia and J. Isidoro and S. Sclaroff},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Head tracking via robust registration in texture map
                  images}, 
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {508-514},
}
		  
@InProceedings{Chai98a,
  author = 	 {D. Chai and K. N. Ngan},
  title = 	 {Locating facial region of a head-and-shoulders color
                  image}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {124-129},
}
		  
@Article{Chellappa95a,
  author = 	 {R. Chellappa and C. L. Wilson and S. Sirohey},
  title = 	 {Human and Machine Recognition of Faces: A Survey},
  journal = 	 {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  year = 	 {1995},
  volume = 	 {83},
  number = 	 {5},
  pages = 	 {705-740},
}

@InProceedings{Chibelushi94a,
  author = 	 {C. C. Chibelushi and F. Deravi and J. S. Mason},
  title = 	 {Face Segmentation Using Fuzzy Reasoning},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
                  Image Processing}, 
  year = 	 {1994},
  pages = 	 {518-522},
}

@InProceedings{Collobert96a,
  author = 	 {M. Collobert and R. Feraud and G. Le Tourneur and
		  O. Bernier and J. E. Viallet and Y. Mahieux and
		  D. Collobert}, 
  title = 	 {LISTEN: A system for locating and tracking
		  individual speakers},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
                  on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {283-288},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@InProceedings{Colmenarez96a,
  author = 	 {A. J. Colmenarez and T. S. Huang},
  title = 	 {Maximum likelihood face detection},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
                  on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {307-311},
  year = 	 {1996},
}
		  
@InProceedings{Colmenarez97a,
  author =       {A. J. Colmenarez and T. S. Huang},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Face Detection With Information-Based Maximum
                  Discrimination},
  year = 	 {1997},
  pages = 	 {782-787},
}

@InProceedings{Cootes95a,
  author = 	 {T. F. Cootes and C. J. Taylor and A. Lanitis and
                  D. H. cooper and J. Graham},
  title = 	 {Building and Using Flexible Models Incorporating
                  Grey-Level Information},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                  Computer Vision},
  pages = 	 {?-?},
  year = 	 {1995},
}

@InProceedings{Cootes96a,
  author = 	 {T. F. Cootes and C. J. Taylor},
  title = 	 {Locating Faces Using Statistical Feature Detectors},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
                  on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {204-209},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@InProceedings{Craw92a,
  author = 	 {I. Craw and D. Tock and A. Bennett},
  title = 	 {Finding Face Features},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision},
  year = 	 {1992},
  pages = 	 {92-96},
}

@InProceedings{Crowley97a,
  author =       {J. L. Crowley and F. Berard},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Multi-modal tracking of faces for video communications},
  year = 	 {1997},
  pages = 	 {640-645},
}

@InProceedings{Cui95a,
  author =       {Y. Cui and D. Swets and J. Weng},
  title =        {Learning-Based Hand Sign Recognition Using
                  SHOSLIF-M},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on 
                  Computer Vision},
  pages =        {631-636},
}

@InProceedings{Dai95a,
  author = 	 {Y. Dai and Y. Nakano}, 
  title = 	 {Extraction for facial images from complex background
                  using color information and SGLD matrices},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the International Workshop on
                  Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {238-242},
  year = 	 {1995},
}

@InProceedings{Dariush98a,
  author = 	 {B. Dariush and S. B. Kang and K. Waters},
  title = 	 {Spatiotemporal analysis of face profiles: detection,
                  segmentation, and registration},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                  Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {248-253},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@InProceedings{Darrell98a,
  author =       {T. Darrell and G. Gordon and M. Harville and
                  J. Woodfill},  
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Integrated person tracking using stereo, color and
                  pattern detection},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {601-608},
}

@InProceedings{Doi98a,
  author = 	 {M. Doi and K. Sato and K. Chihara},
  title = 	 {A robust face identification against lighting
                  fluctuation for lock control},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {42-47},
}

@InProceedings{Duvdevani-Bar98a,
  author = 	 {S. Duvdevani-Bar and S. Edelman and A. J. Howell and
                  H. Buxton}, 
  title = 	 {A similarity-based method for the generalization of
                  face recognition over pose and expression}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {118-123},
}

@InProceedings{Edwards97a,
  author = 	 {G. J. Edwards and C.J.Taylor and T.F. Cootes},
  title = 	 {Learning to Identify and Track Faces in Image Sequences},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of British Machine Vision Conference},
  pages = 	 {130-139},
  year = 	 {1997},
}

@InProceedings{Edwards98a,
  author = 	 {G. J. Edwards and C.J.Taylor and T.F. Cootes},
  title = 	 {Learning to Identify and Track Faces in Image Sequences},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on  Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {260-265},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@Article{Eleftheriadis95a,
  author = 	 {A. Eleftheriadis and A. Jacquin},
  title = 	 {Automatic face location, detection and tracking for
                  model-assisted coding of video teleconferencing
                  sequences  at low bit-rates}, 
  journal = 	 {Signal Processing: Image Communication},
  year = 	 {1995},
  volume = 	 {7},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {231-248},
}

@InProceedings{Essa95a,
  author = 	 {I. A. Essa and A. Pentland},
  title = 	 {Facial Expression Recognition using a Dynamic Model
                  and Motion Energy},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                  Computer Vision},
  pages = 	 {?-?},
  year = 	 {1995},
}

@InProceedings{Fadzil94a,
  author = 	 {M. H. A. Fadzil and H. Abu Baker},
  title = 	 {Human-Face Recognition Using Neural Network},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
                  Image Processing}, 
  year = 	 {1994},
  pages = 	 {936-939},
}

@InProceedings{Fieguth97a,
  author =       {P. Fieguth and D. Terzopoulos},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Color-Based tracking of Heads and Other Mobile
                  Objects at Video Frame Rates},
  year = 	 {1997},
  pages = 	 {21-27},
}

@Article{Fischler73a,
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  year = 	 {1973},
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@InProceedings{Frey96a,
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@InProceedings{Frey98a,
  author =       {B. J. Frey and A. Colmenarez and T. S. Huang},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Mixtures of Local Subspaces for Face Recognition},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {32-37},
}

@Article{Fukunaga70a,
  author = 	 {F. Fukunaga and W. Koontz}, 
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@Article{GYang94a,
  author = 	 {G. Yang and T. S. Huang},
  title = 	 {Human face detection in complex background},
  journal = 	 {Pattern Recognition},
  year = 	 {1994},
  volume = 	 {27},
  number = 	 {1},
  pages = 	 {53-63},
}

@InProceedings{Galicia95a,
  author = 	 {G. Galicia and A. Zakhor},
  title = 	 {Depth recovery of human facial features from video
                  sequences}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the International Conference on Image
                  Processing},
  pages = 	 {603-606},
  year = 	 {1995},
}

@InProceedings{Georghiades98a,
  author = 	 {A. S. Georghiades and D. J. Kriegman},
  title = 	 {Illumination cones for recognition under variable
                  lighting: faces}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference
                  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  pages = 	 {52-58},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@InProceedings{Govindaraju89a,
  author =       {V. Govindaraju and D. B. Sher and R. K. Srihari}, 
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Locating human face in newspaper photographs},
  year = 	 {1989},
  pages = 	 {549-554},
}
		  
@InProceedings{Govindaraju90a,
  author = 	 {V. Govindaraju and S. N. Srihari and D. B. Sher},
  title = 	 {A Computational Model for Face Location},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third 
		  International Conference on Computer Vision},
  year = 	 {1990},
  pages = 	 {718-721},
}

@Article{Govindaraju96a,
  author = 	 {V. Govindaraju},
  title = 	 {Locating Human Faces in Photographs},
  journal = 	 {International Journal of Computer Vision},
  year = 	 {1996},
  volume = 	 {19},
  number = 	 {2},
  pages = 	 {129-146},
}

@InProceedings{Graf96a,
  author = 	 {H. P. Graf and E. Cosatto and D. Gibbon and
                  M. Kocheisen and E. Petajan},
  title = 	 {Multimodal System for Locating Heads and Faces},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second IEEE International
                  Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  year = 	 {1996},
  pages = 	 {88-93},
}

@InProceedings{Han98a,
  author = 	 {C.-C. Han and H.-Y. M. Liao and K.-C. Yu and L.-H. Chen},
  title = 	 {Fast Face Detection via Morphology-Based Pre-Processing},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference
		  on Image Analysis and Processing},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {469-476},
}

@Article{Haralick73a,
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@InProceedings{Haritaoglu98a,
  author = 	 {I. Haritagolu and D. Harwood and L. S. Davis},
  title = 	 {W4: Who? When Where? What? A real time system for 
		  detecting and tracking people},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on  Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {222-227},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@incollection{Hinton97a,
  author = 	 {G. E. Hinton and B. Sallans and Z. Ghahramani},
  title = 	 {A Hierarchical Community of Experts},
  booktitle = 	 {Learning in Graphical Models},
  publisher =    {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = 	 {1997},
  editor = 	 {M. I. Jordan},
  note = 	 {To appear},
}

@InProceedings{Hoogenboom96a,
  author = 	 {R. Hoogenboom and M. Lew},
  title = 	 {Face detection using local maxima},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
                  on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {334-339},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@InProceedings{Hotta98a,
  author = 	 {K. Hotta and T. Kurita and T. Mishima},
  title = 	 {Scale invariant face detection method using
                  higher-order local autocorrelation features
                  extracted from log-polar image},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {70-75},
}

@TechReport{Hunke94a,
  author =       {H. M. Hunke},
  title =        {Locating and Tracking of Human Faces with Neural
                  Networks}, 
  institution =  {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University},
  year =         {1994},
  number =    {CMU-CS-94-155},
}

@InProceedings{Hunke94b,
  author = 	 {H. M. Hunke and A. Waibel},
  title = 	 {Face locating and tracking for human-computer
                  interaction}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Asilomar
                  Conference on Signal, Systems and Computers}, 
  pages = 	 {?-?},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@InProceedings{JHuang96a,
  author = 	 {J. Huang and S. Gutta and H. Wechsler},
  title = 	 {Detection of Human Faces Using Decision Trees},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
                  on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {248-252},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@InProceedings{JYang96a,
  author = 	 {J. Yang and A. Waibel},
  title = 	 {A Real-Time Face Tracker},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Applications of
                  Computer Vision},
  year = 	 {1996},
  pages = 	 {142-147},
}

@InProceedings{JYang98a,
  author = 	 {J. Yang and R. Stiefelhagen and U. Meier and
                  A. Waibel}, 
  title = 	 {Visual Tracking for Multimodal Human Computer
                  Interaction}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of CHI 98}, 
  pages = 	 {?-?},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@InProceedings{Jebara97a,
  author =       {T. S. Jebara and A. Pentland},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Parameterized structure from motion fro 3d adaptive
                  feedback tracking of faces},
  year = 	 {1997},
  pages = 	 {144-150},
}

@InProceedings{Jecquin95a,
  author = 	 {A. Jecquin and A. Eleftheriadis},
  title = 	 {Automatic location tracking of faces and facial
                  features in video sequences}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Workshop on Automatic
                  Face and Gesture Recognition}, 
  pages = 	 {?-?},
  year = 	 {1995},
}

@Article{Jordan94a, 
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@InProceedings{Kauth77a,
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@InProceedings{Kelly95a,
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  year = 	 {1995},
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@InProceedings{Kim98a,
  author = 	 {S.-H. Kim and N.-K. Kim and S. C. Ahn and H.-G. Kim},
  title = 	 {Object oriented face detection using range and color
                  information}, 
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third IEEE International
                  Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  year = 	 {1998},
  pages = 	 {76-81},
}

@Article{Kirby90a,
  author = 	 {M. Kirby and L. Sirovich},
  title = 	 {Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the
                  Characterization of Human Faces},
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  volume = 	 {12},
  number = 	 {1},
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@InProceedings{Kjeldsen96a,
  author = 	 {R. Kjeldsen and J. Kender},
  title = 	 {Finding Skin in Color Images},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
                  on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition},
  pages = 	 {312-317},
  year = 	 {1996},
}

@InProceedings{Kotropoulos97a,
  author = 	 {C. Kotropoulos and I. Pitas},
  title = 	 {Rule-based face detection in frontal views},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Conference on
                  Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing}, 
  pages = 	 {21-24},
  year = 	 {1997},
  volume = 	 {4},
}

@InProceedings{Kotropoulos98a,
  author = 	 {C. Kotropoulos and A. Tefas and I. Pitas},
  title = 	 {Frontal face authentication using variants of
                  dynamic link matching based on mathematical morphology},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Conference on Image
                  Processing},
  pages = 	 {122-126},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@InProceedings{Kown94b,
  author =       {Y. H. Kwon and N. da Vitoria Lobo},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society
                  Conference  on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  title = 	 {Age Classification From Facial Images},
  year = 	 {1994},
  pages = 	 {762-767},
}

@InProceedings{Kwon94a,
  author = 	 {Y. H. Kwon and N. da Vitoria Lobo},
  title = 	 {Face Detection Using Templates},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
                  Pattern Recognition},
  year = 	 {1994},
  pages = 	 {764-767},
}

@Article{Lam94a,
  author = 	 {K. Lam and H. Yan},
  title = 	 {Fast algorithm for locating head boundaries},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Electronic Imaging},
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